Nursing Transformational Leadership - 1156 Words

The Strange Voyage 1. I think that the patient misunderstood the nurse’s intentions when he was moved from the ICU to the other places in the hospital because there was limited communication letting the know what will be happening. It seems that the patient was not familiar with the hospital, procedures and the people and because of that, the patient felt that all the interventions were to harm him. Even before the surgery, the surgeon visited the patient very quickly and told the patient this was a routine surgery. Although it may be routine, I think that it would be good to educate the patient about what will be occurring in each of the processes. In addition, when the patient was going for exams, the patient had to wonder what exam†¦show more content†¦In team nursing, the nurse could delegate tasks to other team members, which was not seen in this vignette. Primary nursing care provides enhanced quality care to patients in the sense that the nurse will have a better relationshi p with patient; understand the physical, emotional, social, and other aspects of the patient, thus reducing errors and preventable injuries. I think that primary nursing model is effective because the care of the patient, the individuals involved in the patient remains consistent, less inconsistencies and it helps the patient be able more involved in their care. I think that the nurse’s verbal and non-verbal communication in the vignette was limited and it was not effective. For instance, when the nurse says, â€Å"I think this is the moment to get rid of him†, the patient misunderstands that they are going to kill him. In addition, each time an injection is given, the patient also feels like the nurse is trying to hurt him. Moreover, when the nurse says, â€Å"you can no longer move†, the meaning of that is vague and it is unclear to the patient. However, in another instance, when the African American nurse smiled and touched the patient’s hand, it made him feel protected. I think that in looking at these examples, gestures, facial expressions, body language as well as verbal communication influenced the patient. I suggest that the nurse should have provided visualShow MoreRelatedTransformational Leadership in Nursing1008 Words   |  5 PagesTransformational Leadership In today’s healthcare system, effective leadership is essential to improving and reaching organizational outcomes. A leader is someone with the ability to influence others but, an effective leader uses positive strategies to inspire employees to work towards the same goal. Leadership in nursing requires a constant effort to motivate others to become part of the organizational transformation. This can be achieved using a transformational leadership style withRead MoreTransformational Leadership : The Nursing Profession2046 Words   |  9 Pages Transformational Leadership in the Nursing Profession Candice P. Dude University of New Brunswick Transformation Leadership in the Nursing Profession Effective leadership is an important quality to create a functional workplace environment. When it comes to the healthcare system, specifically nursing, transformational leadership is the most qualified form. Its main principles inspire confidence, personal and organizational goals, innovation and support. (Hamstra, Van YpernRead MoreTransformational Leadership : A Positive Way1471 Words   |  6 PagesTransformational Leadership: A Positive Way to Lead â€Å"Delivering Happiness: A Path to Profits, Passion, and Purpose†, written by Tony Hsieh, the CEO of Zappos, an online shoe company, tells the story of how they grew from the ground, up to a well-known company. Hsieh is the perfect example of a transformational leader. The characteristics Tony Hsieh embodies are some of the many characteristics necessary to exemplify transformational leadership theory. Hsieh is a charismatic leader who has theRead MoreLeadership From A Nurses Perspective1548 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership in Clinical Nursing When one thinks of leaders, they think of those who hold a high profile position or someone who is highly visible in the public eye. A leader, regardless of prestige is someone who can easily influence and inspire the actions and goals of others. The definition of a leader in Nursing Leadership and Management in Nursing states, â€Å"leadership is commonly defined as a process of influence in which the leader influences others towards goal achievement (Kelly, 2012 p.2)Read MoreManagement Of Power By Saint Louis Medical Center993 Words   |  4 Pagespatient care, and innovative healthcare. As a nurse executive at SLMC, my management of power would be one that is based on supporting staff, encouraging â€Å"out-of-the-box† thinking, and promoting efficiency. The leadership theories that best suit my management of power are the transformational and the nine-factors of full-range theories. In both theories, leaders motivate their staff by appealing to moral values that stem from the organization’s vision statement (Doody Doody, 2012). These types ofRead MoreThe Health Care System Of New Zealand Essay1745 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership is mandatory in all industries either it is health care or any other Business. As we already know that leadership is a learning process and without a leader any organization cannot survive. The Health care system of New Zealand has shown the significant changes within past decades and it varies according to historical, political, and social contexts. The history shows that there were huge health differences between the Maoris and non-Maoris, which were due to socioeconomic and lifestyleRead MoreNice Girls And Transformational Leadership Theory1651 Words   |  7 PagesNice Girls and Transformational Leadership Overlooking the importance of mentors, limiting possibilities, refusing high-profile assignments, ignoring the importance of network relationships, failing to define one’s brand, and not soliciting enough feedback— these are some of the many mistakes Dr. Lois P. Frankel (2014) warns against in her latest revision of Nice Girls Still Don’t Get the Corner Office (Nice Girls). 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This paper also delves into transformational leadership in nursing and how learning about leadership has supported personal growth for me now and in future practiceRead MoreDevelopment Of A Transformational Leader1351 Words   |  6 PagesDeveloping Transformational Leaders in Nursing In order to develop strong leaders throughout the nursing industry, one must encompass various traits from all types of leadership theories. Of the many different theories, transformational leadership has a heavy impact in creating a strong and successful leader. Strengths Finder 2.0 guides individuals into focusing on developing themselves through their strengths instead of trying to fix their weaknesses. In doing so, individuals are able to develop

Essay on Why Sociology Is Important to Nursing - 986 Words

1) Introduction As an introduction, generally, sociology is mainly the study of society, communities and people whereas nursing is a profession which focused on assisting individuals, families, and communities in attaining, maintaining and recovering optimal health and functioning. In this assignment, I will describe the definition of Sociology, the definition of nursing and explain why sociology is very important and is relevant to nursing practice. I hope this assignment will show the relevance of sociology to nursing practice and that will develop more professional and very reliable nurses. 2) Definition of Sociology â€Å"Sociology† comes from the Latin word Socius (companion) and the ending –ology from the Greek logos (word).†¦show more content†¦Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Hence, teaching healthcare towards common people is an important nursing function as nursing is involved mostly with health promotion, health maintenance, health restoration and the care of dying. These are the qualities which are essential and required by society nowadays. 4) Why is sociology important to nursing practice? Sociology is just as valuable and important to nursing as is psychology is. Sociology helps a nurse understand what makes people tick the same way psychology does. The only difference is that sociology does it from a group or community perspectives. Sociology explores the issues of genders, social classes, stratification, families and economic policies which have impacts on health care and nursing. The information gleaned by even a cursory study in those fields could contribute toward being a kinder and gentler nurse. All of above are important because besides medical knowledge, a nurse really needs to be kind, sympathetic and compassionate. In addition, there are currently many ethical questions in medicine which can be partially covered through the study of sociology such as social welfare disaster such as homelessness. Sociology will give a nurse knowledge and experience on how to deal with everyone better and to give the nurse betterShow MoreRelatedSociological Knowledge in Nursing Essays1301 Words   |  6 PagesSociology is the study of human social behavior, communities and society. It involves the evolution of society and human behavior and it focuses on how society can change human behavior based on interaction with each other (Bennett, B., 2009 p.2). Nursing is a health care profession which concentrates in supporting individuals, their families, and societies as a whole in preserving, attaining and improving best possible health and functioning (Kozier, et al., 2010 pp. 8-9). Sociological knowledgeRead MoreSocial Roles in the Caring Profession Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagesthat socialization into norms determines behavior, Unlike most other areas of sociology, social network theory is usually defined in formal mathematics We know that communication is the transfer of information between or among people,the practice of nursing utilizes constant communication between the nurse and the patient, the patient’s family, the nurse’s co-workers, supervisors, and many others. Communication in nursing can be a complicated process, and the possibility of sending or receiving incorrectRead MoreWhy Nurses Should Study Sociology4078 Words   |  17 Pages2 Why Should Nurses Study Sociology? Barbara Green and Sarah Earle Key issues in this chapter †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The difference between sociology in nursing and sociology of nursing The value of developing sociological skills Using sociological skills in nursing practice Sociological knowledge: policy, practice and change By the end of this chapter you should be able to . . . discuss the reasons why nurses should study sociology; understand the distinction between sociology of nursing and sociologyRead MoreNursing Theories Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesFive Stages of Nursing Theory and Philosophy NU 500 UNIT 1 June 6, 2012 Jeanne Greer, RN Saint Josephs University Five Stages of Nursing Theory and Philosophy Nursing has made phenomenal achievement in the last century that has led to the recognition of nursing as an academic discipline and a profession. According to Fawcett (1980), a move towards theory-based practice has made nursing meaningful (p. 10). When talking about nursing theory development, it is important to identify theRead MoreNursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing932 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Nursing My personal philosophy of nursing began at an early age watching my mother volunteer for 25 years on the local rescue squad, following in the footsteps of her mother. I learned that helping others in a time of need should always be a priority. Respect and dignity should always be shown to people, no matter the who they are or where they are from. I have and will continue to show compassion for others while administering professional holistic care, guided by the American Nursing AssociationsRead MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1689 Words   |  7 Pagescertain facilities, providers, products and screenings, life style choices and many other data points that seek to analyze and determine why individuals and communities choose what they choose.   Much of the data is gathered by researchers in studies who tend to investigate these areas as a means to make a profit.   College and University researchers in sociology, psychology and other human behaviors seek answers to these questions as well, and data resulting from such research is available nationallyRead MoreEssay Ethnic Inequality in Health Care1723 Words   |  7 Pageswould also like to take the knowledge learnt for this topic and brief outline how this may help me in future nursing practice. First of all, it is important to consider the whole aspect of ethnicity as it has other elements such as race and culture which goes along side this concept. Barry and Yuill (2008, p128) both state that ethnicity is â€Å"a common cultural heritage that is sociology learned and constructed†. This is what partly defines an individual socially. In terms of race, this is a biologicalRead MoreGraded Unit Planning Process1391 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluation. In the planning process I must complete and develop a plan to show that I can help a patient I have chosen with a nursing activity. After having a meeting with my mentor to discuss which patient we felt would be a suitable candidate for me to complete this task with, I gained consent from him. I also gained consent from the patient after explaining what and why I was doing the activity, and all information about her would be kept confidential. For this matter I will refer to the patientRead MoreDr. Asdf s Biography, Theory, Patient Scenario, And Real World Application1231 Words   |  5 PagesDr. Peplau was a brilliant woman whose contribution to the nursing world helped paved for a different way to providing nursing care. Her theory not only applies to behavioral problems but can be applied to other areas in nursing as well. This researcher will discuss Dr. Peplau’s biography, theory, patient scenario, and real world application. Biography Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau was born on September 1, 1909 in Reading, Pennsylvania. Her parents, Gustav and Ottylie Peplau, were of German decent.Read MoreApplying Anthropology to Nursing Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesApplying Anthropology to Nursing Medical Anthropology is dedicated to the relationship between human behavior, social life, and health within an anthropological context. 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Psycho-sexual Development Free Essays

Psychosocial Stage Is the stage that Is based on an organ that gives pleasure during a certain part of development. This organ Is an erogenous zone during that stage of life that can make us feel good. The psychosocial stage has five different stages, namely oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage and genital stage. We will write a custom essay sample on Psycho-sexual Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first stage is oral stage; experiencing this stage makes me feel that my mouth and lips are the center of pleasure. I experienced being fixated, like I was over eating, talking too much and biting sarcasm. The second psychosocial stage is anal stage, which we can experience when we are two to three years of age. We tend to eliminate waste any time and anywhere. This problem can be solve through what we call â€Å"toilet training†. Learning to do so can help Individual to develop pleasure of holding their waste to please their mother’s. Some Individual are late bloomers and they tend to learn toilet training until they were five years old. I remember when I was 3 years of age, I am already trained about this â€Å"toilet training† that’s why my parents told me one of the unforgettable words I heard, ‘*very good we don’t need you to wear diaper an† There are lot of advantages learning toilet training during anal stage, the best of the advantages is the lesser use of diaper. The third stage is phallic stage; this can be experienced when we are around four to six years of age. At this age, we learned the difference between male and female. During phallic stage, male gets Jealous of his ether and feels like wanting to replace him. Male individuals at this age can also feel castration anxiety, the fear of castration meaning being afraid to be circumcised. On the other hand, female Individuals feel Like blaming their mother for not Glenn them pennies Like the male one’s have. I experience this blaming thing when I tried to pee like my brother. During phallic stage males excessively concerned being masculine in appearance and actions while females feels excessive need and demand for equality treatment with men. The fourth stage is the latency stage, latent means hidden. This stage can be experienced when we are six to twelve years old. In this stage, we tend to play music and different Instruments, and play different sports we love. No further psychosocial development takes place during this stage. The fifth and last stage is genital stage, In this stage the focus Is on one’s genitalia, their own sex organ as their erogenous zone for pleasure. This can be experienced from thirteen years old onwards; this Is also the stage of being curious about sex. The individual develops a strong sexual rest of a person’s life. Studying and experiencing psychosocial stage gives me a lot of knowledge about when and why individual experience these stages during birth up to the present age. Also, studying psychosocial stage gave me more views and helped me answer different questions inside my mind. Most of all, it lessens my curiosity. By studies and experiences I can share different lessons and story with different people, especially the young ones about how each one of us develops as we grow older. How to cite Psycho-sexual Development, Papers

To what extent does shakespeare present macbeth as a villain free essay sample

Shakespeare presents Macbeth more extensively as a villain using methods which would be more understood in the era the play was composed, which was the Jacobean period, but influenced by the reign of Elizabeth. During the Elizabethan period people were preoccupied with the supernatural, which is one of the main topics in Shakespeare’s play. In my opinion Shakespeare structures the play to make the audience see Macbeth transforming from a hero into a villain, we can also see how Macbeth’s character transfigures from a valiant, noble soldier to a deceitful traitor. Shakespeare exhibits Macbeth as being heroic both at the prelude and the climax of the play by portraying him as being brave and gallant. These heroic qualities supported by Macbeth’s will to fight for king and country are illustrated when fighting the rebellion, by Duncan, who is the king of Scotland. Duncan commends Macbeth, without the hero being present, which shows high respect from Duncan to Macbeth. This is shown in Act 1 Scene 2: â€Å"O Valiant cousin, worthy gentleman! † This is Duncan speaking and he is talking about Macbeth. Having the king call a soldier a cousin is a great honour and it is almost like Duncan is calling Macbeth his equal because of the heroic qualities Macbeth has shown him. At this point Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a hero more than a villain because of what Duncan says to Macbeth. The audience in the Jacobean period would have immediately started to like Macbeth because of this heroism towards the king. This response is important because the audience in the 1600s was exceedingly religious and they believed in the Divine Order; the king was a messenger from God, therefore Macbeth was helping to protect God by fighting for Duncan. However, at this point the audience were not the only people who were admiring him; all the soldiers that Macbeth fought with, Banquo and unsurprisingly the king. This is because Macbeth has relinquished his life and will to save and protect the king. An example to show how the king gratifies Macbeth is shown in Act 1 Scene 4: â€Å" the proportion of both thanks and payment might have been mine † This is showing that Duncan is very appreciative of Macbeth’s heroic acts and no amount of money could suffice Duncan’s gratitude. Language and dramatic techniques are used throughout the play by Shakespeare to emphasize certain aspects and themes. To accentuate Macbeth’s heroism, Shakespeare has used similes such as the one found in Act 1 Scene 2 Line 35: â€Å"As sparrows eagles, or the hare the lion. † This compares Banquo and Macbeth to eagles and lions killing sparrows and hares; it is too easy to accomplish and there is no challenge. This is a comparison of Macbeth and Banquo fighting the rebellion which they did very easily. This technique is used to emphasize Macbeth’s valour and how other characters admire him. Another technique is irony used within the speech of the Thane of Ross: â€Å"God save the king. † This is ironical because we, as the audience, know what happens to Duncan and know that not even God can save him. The dramatic irony here is shown because the Thane of Ross literally says ‘May the king live forever’, but as the audience we know that Duncan will die in the hands of Macbeth who he put so much trust in to. The dramatic irony is that the Thane of Ross is saying the opposite of reality and the irony comes because the audience know and Duncan does not know that he will die. Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a tragic hero by allowing him to be influenced by external sources of evil and power. The definition of a tragic hero is a hero who has a tragic flaw or makes an error which eventually leads to his downfall. Macbeth’s tragic flaw or error is succumbing to his ambition, which seems to be decided by a preordained fate. Moreover, Shakespeare presents Macbeth as having convened with external influence such as his wife and the witches. Lady Macbeth influences Macbeth to perform regicide by manipulating him through her speech and her actions. She has her own ambition which she wishes to achieve through Macbeth’s evil deeds; her ambition commences after receiving the letter from Macbeth, which is a dramatic device used by Shakespeare. The letter triggers the series of evil acts committed by the Macbeths, which starts with the killing of Duncan as a result of Lady Macbeth’s manipulative ambition. Lady Macbeth acts as a catalyst to make Macbeth’s transition happen faster because she starts to become manipulative as soon as she hears the witches’ prophecies: â€Å"All hail Macbeth that shalt be King hereafter. † The prophecy comes from the supernatural aspect of the play: the witches and Lady Macbeth is indirectly persuaded by the witches to manipulate Macbeth in this matter. The reason for her manipulating Macbeth is her own ambition to become queen, which in ways is stronger than Macbeth’s. This is actually shown by Macbeth in his speech in Act 1 Scene 7: â€Å"Nothing but males,† here Macbeth is stating that he knows how much time and effort Lady Macbeth has put into the planning of the regicide and he will go through with it. In my opinion the quote shows that Lady Macbeth has got more ambition than Macbeth because she is the one that has planned the entire plot and she is the one who keeps trying to manipulate Macbeth into killing Duncan. At this point in the play the Jacobean audience would have started having suspicions about Macbeth because of his dealings with the supernatural, which was considered evil and wrong; people in those times would have been executed for dealing with witches because it was considered a sign of being bewitched. Shakespeare continues to present Macbeth as a tragic hero by having the witches’ prophecies influencing Macbeth’s life by giving him ambition to become king, which was fuelled by Lady Macbeth’s manipulative words. Lady Macbeth manipulates Macbeth by challenging his manhood: â€Å"Hath it slept since † This quote spoken with sibilance shows Lady Macbeth freely challenging Macbeth’s masculinity in a way that will make him respond by saying that his valour sleeps in between battles and can therefore not be used for fighting his every day problems. Lady Macbeth knows Macbeth’s personality and knows he will not stand a direct challenge of his manhood, which is when Macbeth turns in to a villain; he accepts the challenge to kill the king showing the extent of his transformation. Shakespeare’s presentation of Macbeths as a tragic hero is emphasised by Shakespeare using Lady Macbeth’s speech to input language devices, such as a proverb: â€Å" like the poor cat i’th’adage? † This says the cat wanted a fish but would not get her paws wet, which is what Lady Macbeth compares Macbeth to; a man wanting to become king but not willing to do anything to get it. Shakespeare uses this in Lady Macbeth’s speech to show how manipulative she is because again she is teasing Macbeth by stating what he wants but that he is not willing to work for it. Shakespeare shows how manipulative Lady Macbeth can which will inevitably be how Macbeth is transformed into a villain. Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a transforming hero by the decisions he begins to make, which are becoming more necessary for him as he climbs the ladder of hierarchy; these decisions now influence his whole life, but they have already been decided for him by the Divine Order. Macbeth changes his mind at the point where Lady Macbeth has manipulated him so much that his mind is in turmoil. Lady Macbeth persuades Macbeth to kill Duncan by telling him everything will be fine and no one will find out what happened. Macbeth knows he wants to become king so he gives in to his ambition. An example of how Macbeth convinces himself that he is going to commit regicide is: â€Å"I am settled† This means that nothing will change his mind on whether or not to kill the King. It shows Macbeth’s transition has almost completely finished and he is now evil. At this point the suspicions of the Jacobean audience would be very strong because here Macbeth is agreeing to regicide, which is killing the king and against the Divine Order. The Divine Order says that kings are God’s messengers and a crime against a king is a crime against God. Macbeth agreeing to this decision now will cause him to be influenced to kill again in the future which he will not care about and it will result in him dealing with evil from now on as a result of the external influences and his over ambition. To show the transformation of Macbeth, Shakespeare uses soliloquy. The soliloquy in Act 1 Scene 7 shows Macbeth’s conflicting interests as he fights with his conscience to decide what the right thing to do is. Within the soliloquy Shakespeare uses metaphor: â€Å" upon this bank and shoal of time † This is figuratively saying Macbeth is a fish in the river of time where opportunities come and go so he may have another chance to become king. Shakespeare uses dramatic devices by showing a dagger to Macbeth pointing towards Duncan’s chamber. The dramatic device used is imagery because it allows us the audience to picture what is going on in Macbeth’s mind and the actual imagery occurs when Macbeth is seeing the silhouette of the dagger, but nothing is there creating the shadow. The quote â€Å"And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood It is the bloody business which informs thus to mine eyes † shows that Macbeth’s mind is in turmoil because the first part shows that he now sees blood on a figurative dagger, which is a dramatic device to show that the dagger is with blood on is what Macbeth will produce when he kills Duncan. The second part of the quote shows that Macbeth is thinking about the murder in a way that is evil; it means that the thoughts of murder are playing tricks with his eyes. This implies that Macbeth is just imagining the dagger and it was never there. Nevertheless, the dagger pointing towards Duncan’s room is part of fate and the Divine Order willing him to kill Duncan. At this point Macbeth’s mind is fighting with itself, but it is clear to see that Macbeth is biased towards the villain within him due to his ambition. From the evidence so far, Shakespeare has strongly shown Macbeth to be a villain because of the evil acts he has undertaken and by conferring with the supernatural and beings of evil. Shakespeare portrays Macbeth now a villain, who has completely transformed with no way back and his villainy is exhibited by the acts of murder Macbeth performs. First Macbeth commits regicide and then he hires murderers to kill Banquo. The act of regicide was brought upon from the mis-guided trust of Lady Macbeth as well as Macbeth’s own ambition to become king. This is where the Jacobean audience would start hating Macbeth because of committing a crime against God (Divine Order) also they would have wanted to execute him for being bewitched because of his ambition and his inability to say ‘Amen,’ this is shown: â€Å"But wherefore I could not say ‘Amen’ I had the need of blessing and ‘Amen’ got stuck in my throat. † This means that he has no longer got a good soul and in those times the inability to say ‘Amen’ was considered a sign of being bewitched. Shakespeare’s presentation of Macbeth further continues by Macbeth arranging Banquo’s murder. Macbeth becomes manipulative like Lady Macbeth, and starts contorting the minds of the murderers to think of Banquo as an enemy. This is shown in Act 3 Scene 1 Line 90-91: â€Å"Whose heavy hand hath bowed you to the grave / And beggared yours forever. † Here Macbeth influences the murderers to kill Banquo by saying that Banquo is the source of all their pain and he will be the reason that their children will be beggars. This is exploitive because the words will anger the murderers so much they will want to kill Banquo. Even though Macbeth is strongly shown to be a villain, there is evidence that he had regrets of what he did to Duncan; this is shown through the emotion and his thoughts and after he killed Duncan: â€Å"Had I but died an hour before this chance † This means if Macbeth had died before Lady Macbeth had spoke of her ploy or her ‘enterprise’ Duncan would still be alive and Macbeth would have been blessed and gone to heaven. This is another close reference to the belief in Christianity in the Jacobean period. Throughout this period of the play, Shakespeare depicts Macbeth as being a murderous villain by using a number of language devices. In the quote: â€Å"Whose heavy hand hath bowed † Shakespeare uses the alliteration of the letter ‘h’; this makes this part of the dialogue sound sinister and malevolent, in order to emphasise what Macbeth would do to the murderers if they did not carry out the murder. Another language device used by Shakespeare is a rhyming couplet: â€Å"It is concluded, Banquo, thy souls flight / If it finds heaven, must find it out tonight. † Shakespeare uses the rhyming couplet of ‘flight’ and ‘tonight’ in this sentence to make the audience remember what has happened, therefore these two lines are use as a two line summary for the scene. The rhyming couplet also adds extra emphasis on what Macbeth is feeling at the time; Banquo was once his friend so he hopes that his soul can go to heaven. The whole of the quote acts as a summary to the scene but also as a conclusion to Banquo’s life as Macbeths sees it. Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a man driven by ungodly ideas in a way that would captivate the audience. This is shown through Macbeth’s ambition to become king, after being awoken by the supernatural. Before the Jacobeans, there were the Elizabethans and they were heavily involved in the supernatural. The Elizabethan view of ambition was that it was a sin rather than a virtue, which is the contemporary view of the word; Elizabethans thought of ambition as an impatience against God, who had already decided what your destiny was, again referencing back to the Divine Order. Macbeth’s ambition would have made the audience even more assertive of the fact Macbeth was a villain because his ambition was such a dominant attribute that it now defines his character. Macbeth’s ambition is first disclosed after Macbeth’s first convergence with the witches where he says (Act 1 Scene 3): â€Å" less than horrible imaginings † Macbeth pictures himself as Duncan’s assassin, which means his ambition is already taking a little control in the back of his mind. At this point Macbeth is disgusted at what he is thinking because he does not yet realise what he will become in the future. The audience in the Jacobean times would have been disgusted with Macbeth for having ambition because of their unchallenged faith in Christianity and ambition being an impatience against God. The audience would have hated him at this point and seen him as a true villain; they would have forgotten about the hero he once was because it is no longer there. Shakespeare uses dramatic irony to illustrate this aspect of Macbeth’s transition because Macbeth is disgusted by himself at first when he meets the witches for thinking about becoming king, but he does not realise that what he is disgusted by is what he will inexorably become so accustomed to later on: killing the king and other people. Shakespeare uses this technique to show the contrast and transition of Macbeth’s character. Shakespeare’s presentation of a man who consults with evil spirits is shown whenever Macbeth talks to the witches, which he does twice during the play both. Macbeth’s shows assertiveness towards the witches, which shows how his character has changed from the first meeting with the witches. This is shown in the following quote, the first of which is from the first of the meetings and the second quote is from the second congregation: â€Å" With such prophetic greeting? Speak, I charge you. † This shows Macbeth commanding the witches as though they were peasants to obtain the information. â€Å"How now, you secret, black, and midnight hags! / What is’t you do? † This is the second meeting where Macbeth is supposedly greeting the witches. You can see from the quote that Macbeth feels that he can treat evil beings with such disrespect. The reasons Macbeth’s attitude changes toward the witches are: he believes what they say, he wants to be more powerful by knowing what happens before it actually does, he feels that now he is king no one can match so everyone must be lower in the hierarchy and also he is anxious and frightened because he wants to know he has misfortune that is to be told. Macbeth’s character has changed so much that he is now depicted by Shakespeare as a terribly villainous person. The fact that Macbeth consorting with the supernatural is solid evidence to show that Macbeth is a villain. Due to the evil acts committed by Macbeth, the audience would have once again would have wanted to execute Macbeth because he is dealing with the supernatural, which was profound upon by the Jacobeans particularly King James. King James had a personal supernatural experience where he was convinced that witches caused his boat with him and his wife to almost be shipwrecked. The response of the Jacobean audience is important to note because it shows that Shakespeare included topics of interest from the period that he composed the production. Shakespeare uses mainly language devices to show that Macbeth is in partnership with evil spirits. In Act 3 Scene 4 he uses a metaphor to show how much blood he has shed and how the witches can help: â€Å"I am in blood returning were as tedious as go’er† This literally says that Macbeth is so far in to a river of blood that he cannot return. The reference to a path where there is no return is reference to a number of times during the play as a symbol of guilt aimed at Macbeth by Shakespeare. This is referring to all the murders he has committed and how it is affecting him. However before this he says: â€Å"More they shall speak for mine own good† The word ‘they’ refers to the three witches and the quote says that Macbeth will be looking for a way to correct or make better what he has done. Macbeth has relied on the witches for his good fortune but he does not realise what it has done to his character and how it affects the views of others about him. The language techniques used by Shakespeare, back up the strong evidence that Macbeth is a villain. At this point Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a villain to the extent that there is no return for his heroic character due to the fact that his soul is now stained with the blood of many dead people. Shakespeare’s presentation of Macbeth being a man despised by others as well as himself is more evidence to show that Macbeth is a villain; this is strongly shown towards the end of the play where he prepares for battle and we can see what he thinks of himself as well as what his enemies think. Other characters such as Malcolm and Macduff despise Macbeth and refer to him as a tyrant and being generally evil. The views of Macbeth are shown first in Act 4 Scene 3: â€Å"This tyrant, whose sole name † This is a quote coming from Malcolm describing Macbeth as a tyrant, which shows how people’s opinion have changed of him. At the start of the play these two people were proud to fight with Macbeth, but now they are proud of themselves to be fighting against such an evil man. Another quote from this stage in the play to show the opinion of others is: â€Å"Devilish Macbeth † This shows that Malcolm and Macduff both agree that Macbeth has committed evil acts regarded with the devil and hell, which are therefore evil. They both loathe Macbeth to the point where they want him dead. At this point the original question of Macbeth being a villain is answered by two important characters hating him. The evidence is now very strong and throughout the play it has been accumulated to show that he is thought of as being as evil as the devil. At the end of the play before Macbeth dies, he has aversions to the murders that he has committed in the past. This shows that in his disheartened state he has the will power to reminisce over what he has done; therefore almost disclosing the heroic character we saw at the start of the play. Even though he does not show it Macbeth would be discouraged that he has nothing left in life which is why he says: â€Å"Now life on Earth means nothing† This shows he has become very dismissive of life and does not care what happens to himself. Shakespeare inputs another character change here where we see the ruthless, ‘devilish’ Macbeth reduced to a quivering coward who is regretful of what he has done. The way Macbeth has lost everything in life and he now has the will power to reminisce over the acts of evil he has committed shows a little bit of the hero, but then we see how Macbeth can still fight for his own cause, which is evil, instead of doing the heroic thing and just giving up. This is the extent of Macbeth’s villainy; even when he has lost everything and has nothing to live for Macbeth can still fight for the wrong cause. During the Jacobean times the audience would have seen Macbeth the same way Malcolm and Macduff do; as a ‘hell-hound’ sent by the devil. This is because of their belief in Christianity and the Divine Order; the audience would think of the crimes Macbeth has committed against God and immediately condemned him to death. However, now in modern times we can recognise the hero in Macbeth returning, which we saw at the start of the play. This is shown by how Macbeth is remorseful and how he keeps on fighting even though he has nothing left to live for. In conclusion I believe that Macbeth is a villain, who was slowly transformed from the hero he was at the start. I assume that if Macbeth did not allow his ambition to get the better of him he could still have an opportunity to become king. In the end the villainous acts he undertook managed to get the better of him and many Jacobeans would agree that the act of regicide and murder can only be repaid by the murderer dying. I think that Shakespeare portrayed Macbeth in a way such as this to show the audience the transition of a hero to a villain and so that it would appeal to the Jacobean audience. Ultimately, the purpose of the play was to educate the Jacobeans of the consequences of going against the Divine Order and evidently God, which is what Macbeth did; he committed many crimes against God which therefore makes him a villain.

Significance of social media in business operations

Introduction Background to the study Contemporarily, change is one of the most constant elements that businesses have to take into account in the course of their operations. This assertion highlights why the past few decades have been characterized by profound social, economic, and technological transformations emanating from external market forces such as political, economic, technological, social, and legal environments.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Significance of social media in business operations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These changes have led to the emergence of a myriad of opportunities and threats within the business environment. Changes occurring in the macro-environment have led to an increment in the rate of invention and innovation. In addition, social and technological changes have motivated entrepreneurs to invest in new and continuous product development in the pursuit for economic sus tainability. The Internet is categorised amongst the top innovations of the 21st century. Its development has led to the increment in the number of innovations that are being undertaken. The emergence of numerous web-based applications and platforms is one of the ways through which the Internet has been utilized. Internet development has led to the increment in the rate of connectivity amongst consumers. Its development has significantly influenced consumers’ behaviour. Moreover, the impact of the Internet can be felt through a myriad of applications in various market segments such as investing, shopping, banking, learning, and entertainment (Brunty et al. 2013). The trend with regard to technological innovation will continue into the future. Consequently, it is fundamental for businesses to embrace the emerging technological changes in order to achieve business continuity. Businesses should evaluate how they can utilize emerging changes in order to succeed. For example, orga nizations and entrepreneurs should take advantage of the technological innovations (Brunty et al. 2013). Social networks are one of the innovations that entrepreneurs can utilize in their quest to achieve their goals. Jadhav et al. (2009) define social network to include â€Å"a social structure made of nodes, which are usually individuals or organizations tied by one or more specific types of relations, such as financial exchange, friendship, trade and web links amongst others† (p. 49).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Social networks have transformed communication in organizations significantly. Conventionally, the media was used to communicate to target population. Social media has transformed this form of communication. Currently, social media provides businesses with an opportunity to interact with existing and potential customers. Apart from marketing, businesse s can also utilize social media in other areas of management, such as human resource management and research and development. Statement of the problem The high rate of innovation with regard to social networks has led to the emergence of a wide range of social media technologies. The social media that have been developed can be categorised into various classes, which include content communities, collaborative projects, virtual social worlds, social networking sites, and virtual game worlds. On the other hand, social technologies relate to emails, instant messaging, picture sharing, and blogs. Despite the numerous social media technologies that have been developed and their significance to business success, only a few businesses have integrated these technologies in their operation. The significance of social media technologies in enhancing competitive advantage and business continuity is highlighted by Thomas and Wasmund (2011) who posit that there is â€Å"not a business or an ent repreneur that should not be using social media in one way or another† (p. 16). Moreover, a study conducted by Optus in 2010 revealed that only 28% of small and medium-sized enterprises had integrated social media in their operation, which represents a relatively small proportion of all SMES. Despite this scenario, Waters (2013) posits that social media is here to stay; thus, it is imperative for entrepreneurs to evaluate how they will utilize social media in order to improve their competitive edge.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Significance of social media in business operations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research objectives This research intends to achieve the following objectives. To evaluate how organisations and entrepreneurs can utilise social media in order to maximise profitability. To investigate the social media strategies that organisations can integrate in order to improve organisatio nal performance and productivity. Research questions To achieve the above objectives, the following research questions will be taken into account. How can businesses utilize social media to maximize their profitability? What social media strategies can individuals and organizations integrate in order to improve their businesses’ performance and productivity Significance of the study Organizations cannot develop competitiveness by only being conscious of changes of occurring in the business environment. However, they have to align their operational strategies to market changes. Thomas and Wasmund (2011) are of the opinion that organizational change is a key element in firms’ effort to survive. Dealing with such change requires organizations to be agile and anticipate possible changes. This study will give organizations’ management teams insight on how they can utilize social media to develop their competitive edge. Some of the areas that will be evaluated rela ting to marketing, research and development, and human resource management. Analyzing how social media can be used in these areas will improve the likelihood of businesses adjusting their operational strategies accordingly; thus improving their business foundation. For example, using social media will improve the probability of achieving diverse business goals such as profitability and developing a strong human capital base. Literature review The evolution of existing technology and the emergence of new technology have led to transformation of the business environment. Hundreds of social networking sites have been developed over the Internet in the past few years.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Increased research and development with regard to the Internet have culminated in the emergence of diverse social media platforms. Some of the common online social networking sites include Facebook, LinkedIn, Flickr, and MySpace. Social networking sites have undergone exponential growth due to increased investment in research and development. It is estimated that approximately 4 out of 5 citizens in the United States are developing, creating, and participating in social media. Leanne (2012) is of the opinion that social media has been integrated into the consumers’ everyday life, which underscores the importance of integrating emerging social media networks in business operations. Remenyi (2008) opines, â€Å"Social technologies are no longer a fad or something that will pass-by but will have a significant impact in every role, every kind of company and in all parts of the world† (p. 397). The impact of social media on business operations is something that requires bus iness leaders should consider proactively. Remenyi (2008) further asserts that social media is increasingly becoming a key element in business operations. In a bid to benefit from the emerging social media trends, it is imperative for businesses to evaluate how they can best utilize social media. Various scholars have suggested a number of ways in which entrepreneurs can utilize social media. Marketing The emergence of social media has had a significant impact on the consumers’ behavior and experience. Millions of people across the world can access market information courtesy of social media via platforms like Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, and Linkedin, among others. Social media has increased the consumers’ power with regard to directing the conversation about a particular brand. Consumers do not only purchase products and remain contented. However, there has been an emergence of a trend whereby consumers are increasingly turning to various social media platforms for gu idance with regard product brands. Moreover, social media has provided consumers with an opportunity to share their product experience with the online community. Surviving in such an environment requires businesses to adapt to changing consumer expectations and behavior. Failure to implement this strategy may adversely affect an organization’s brand. For example, failure to take into account what consumers are saying on social media may expose an organization’s failure in delivering the brand promise. Consequently, it is imperative for businesses to adjust their marketing strategies to change in consumer behavior (Sweeney Craig 2011). Marketing is one of the areas in which businesses can utilize social media marketing. The success of organizations in their marketing practices is influenced by the effectiveness with which the communication strategy has been integrated. Social media has transformed marketing from being one-dimensional phenomenon with regard to communica tion. Conventional communication mediums such as newspapers, television, and radio were about delivering the intended message to the target audience. However, social media has transformed marketing communication from being a one-way phenomenon to a two-way phenomenon. Despite the significance of social media in marketing, there are some critics who are of the opinion that social media undermines the human element (Sweeney Craig 2011). Social media ranks amongst the essential marketing communication tools of the 21st century. Currently, organizations and entrepreneurs can utilize various social media platforms to improve their marketing capability. Examples of such social media platforms include Twitter, YouTube, and Facebook. The effectiveness of these tools in creating market awareness arises from the emergence of a trend whereby consumers are using the Internet as a major source of product information. Therefore, it is fundamental for entrepreneurs to formulate an effective socia l web by integrating diverse social media platforms such as illustrated in figure 1 below. Source: (Oracle 2012) The social web should be comprised of different spaces, which include spaces owned by the entrepreneur, spaces hosted, and the spaces in which the entrepreneur participates. The space owned by the entrepreneur may relate to the business official website, the contact center and the knowledge base while spaces hosted relate to YouTube and Facebook. Businesses can exploit this trend in consumer behavior by designing a fan page on social media sites such as Facebook, which will play a critical role in increasing an organization’s customer base. Currently, it is estimated that approximately 165 million Twitter users, 500 million Facebook users, and 75 million LinkedIn users. Additionally, approximately 200 billion videos are watched daily on YouTube (Thomas Wasmund 2011). Using Facebook is relatively easy, which means that it is not a platform for only large businesse s but also the small and medium-sized enterprises. Developing fan pages will enable businesses to leverage on social media viral capabilities. Businesses should also design short videos containing the products and services issued and post them on social media platforms such as YouTube. Other social networking tools that can be used to post videos include Youku, which is a Chinese video streaming service. Youku has assisted major companies such as IBM, Google, Pepsi, Nike, Mercedes-Benz and Nokia generate revenue. Consequently, using such tools will lead to the creation of a viral effect on the videos. Moreover, interacting with consumers through social media leads to the development of a strong customer relationship. For example, an organization is able to access market feedback regarding its products and services. Safko (2012) is of the opinion that social media provides consumers with a 360-degree feedback mechanism. Thus, social media provides entrepreneurs with a perfect opportu nity to respond to customer complaints and opinions hence enhancing the level of customer loyalty (Safko 2012). Businesses and entrepreneurs should also interact with the online community through social media platforms such as LinkedIn, Yelp, Foursquare, Slideshare, and YouTube. Integrating social media also plays a critical role in increasing an organization’s sales revenue and hence the level of profitability. Integrating with customers through various social media sites increases the likelihood of businesses and entrepreneurs, developing a clear understanding of the prevailing consumer needs (Bodnar Cohen 2011). Consequently, an organization can be able to align its products to the prevailing customer needs. The high rate of technological development with regard to ICT has led to the emergence of mobile devices such as Ipad and Ipods. In a bid to improve their effectiveness with regard to creating market awareness, it is essential for businesses to integrate mobile social media, which is achievable via developing a mobile social media application that is customised to a particular business. This platform will increase the effectiveness with which an organization creates product and services awareness to potential consumers who do not have personal computers. The past few years have been characterized by an increment in the number of consumers who own tablets, iPads, and iPods. Consequently, it is imperative for entrepreneurs to take into account the developments in the social media. Human resource management Staffing; talent acquisition and management The success of both large and small enterprises is dependent on the quality of human capital developed. Jacobson (2009) posits that a strong human capital base contributes towards achievement of the set organizational goals. Firms can post job adverts on various social media platforms in an effort to improve the number of potential applicants. Fans on social media platforms can share job adverts with t heir friends and family members seeking a job (O’Leary et al. 2011). Leanne (2012) is of the opinion that social media has been utilized by organizations in conducting a background evaluation of job candidates. Some of the sites that have previously been used concerning these aspects relate to LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook. LinkedIn is ranked amongst the most effective social media platform with regard to recruitment of professionals (O’Leary et al. 2011). Its effectiveness hinges on the presumption that the platform is used to share professional information of its users. It is estimated that approximately 50% of Fortune 100 firms depend on LinkedIn in their recruitment drive. Therefore, using LinkedIn is considered very cost-effective (Pride, 2009). By the end of 2012, Facebook had a following of over 900 million users. Consequently, employers can obtain substantial background information regarding job applicants without having to leave their office. A survey conduc ted by Microsoft revealed that approximately 79% of managers in the US had utilized social media in their employee recruitment processes. Seventy percent (70%) of the managers revealed that they had rejected job applications because of the posts and comments on online platforms by the applicants. This aspect highlights the importance of developing good online reputation by posting positive comments. Social media provide organizations with an opportunity to expand their talent pool by improving its connectivity with passive jobseekers (Leanne 2012). Another avenue through which businesses can use social media entails ensuring that the employees comply with the set rules and regulations. Consequently, it is imperative for HR managers to ensure that an effective internal communication system is implemented. A study conducted by KPMG shows that organizations could use social media to develop the employees’ talent. For example, an organization can leverage on social media by ensur ing that they are connected with special interest groups such as mentoring group and volunteerism. Organizations can also utilize social media by developing expert directories comprised of employees who are conversant with one another. Mobility and collaboration Emergence of new technology and change in employees needs presents a major challenge for HR managers in their pursuit to develop a strong human resource base (Somers et al. 2009). For example, the emergence of mobile social media devices has led to the creation of a prospect for immediacy amongst the modern workforce. Organizations can use social media to improve the degree of collaboration amongst employees. Currently, organizations are increasingly using projects in their quest to improve their performance. However, successful implementation of projects is dependent on the degree of coordination amongst the project team members. Using various social media platforms improves communication and interaction within project team s as illustrated by Thomas and Barlow (2011) who posit that a team â€Å"remains the most flexible and the most powerful unit of performance, learning, and change in any organization† (p. 30). Through social media, project team members can be able to share valuable knowledge and information. Incorporating social media is also paramount in developing a strong multigenerational workforce. Safko (2012) is of the opinion that communication â€Å"serves as a strategic change level by facilitating the transition of awareness to the actual ownership and adoption and integration of social media tools and guidelines† (p. 6). Research and development The number of social media users has grown exponentially. This trend is expected to continue into the future. Consequently, social media provides organizations with an opportunity to undertake research and development. Soderman and Dolles (2013) are of the opinion that this goal is achievable via undertaking marketing research throu gh the social media platforms. For example, an organization can utilize the customers’ responses on social media regarding its products and services in their new product and continuous product development processes. Moreover, a number of social media monitoring tools have been developed due to increased innovations with regard to social media. Radian6 and Spredfast.com are some of the companies that have developed platforms that can be used in the process of conducting marketing research. The platform is comprised of well-developed web-based software that can be used in managing social media marketing. Using such tools can enable an organization to evaluate the profitability potential of its target market by analyzing the size of the target audience and their level of market engagement. Gaining such knowledge can give entrepreneurs insight on how to improve its branding strategies. Other web-based software that can assist businesses in determining the number of visitors who v iew the firm’s social media platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Flickr, and YouTube updates have been developed (Soderman Dolles 2013). Research methodology The success of a particular study is influenced by the quality of the research framework adopted. Creswell and Clark (2011) posit that it is fundamental for researchers to incorporate an effective research design outlining the method collecting and analyzing the data collected (Maxwell 2005). Both qualitative and quantitative research designs were used in this study. Qualitative research design enabled the researcher to acquire a substantial amount of data from the target population by conducting an in-depth analysis of the subject under investigation. On the other hand, quantitative research design was incorporated in order to improve the process of interpreting the research findings, which will be achieved by integrating numerical aspects of the phenomenon. Population and sample Organizational leaders and in dividual entrepreneurs from well-established businesses were targeted as the study population. This choice of the target population was informed by the knowledge that such individuals have sufficient knowledge regarding on the importance of ICT in the operation of an organization. Random sampling technique was incorporated in selecting the sample. Thus, the researcher was able to eliminate bias in selecting the sample; all the individuals in the target population had the same likelihood of being selected as the target population (Deming 2002). A sample size of 100 respondents was selected from the target population. Data collection Primary and secondary methods of data collection were adopted. Secondary data were obtained by reviewing published reports and surveys on the subject. However, it was ensured that only credible sources of data were utilized. Thus, only relevant data was collected. On the other hand, primary methods entailed using data collection instruments such as questi onnaires and interviews. Analysis and presentation The objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the role of social media in enhancing the level of profitability in businesses. Moreover, the study intends to investigate the social media strategies that organizations can integrate in order to improve organizational performance and productivity. The researcher asked questions with regard to these aspects and obtained varied responses, as illustrated herein. Analysis of research questions The researcher asked the respondents a number of questions to gauge whether the respondents have had any experience using social media in their marketing processes. Seventy percent of the respondents were of the opinion that they had used social media for personal purposes at one point. On the other hand, 30% of the respondents said that they had not incorporated social media in life, which explains the low rate of integration of social media in business operation espec ially amongst small businesses. When asked whether social media is important in their business operation, the respondents gave varied opinions as illustrated in the chart below. Strongly agree 47% Agree 38% Disagree 2% Uncertain 9% Strongly disagree 2% Total 100% Despite concurring that social media marketing through emerging social media networks is valuable for business operation, only 37% of the respondents said that they have used Facebook in their business-to-consumer marketing processes at one point. On the other hand, 29% of the respondents said that their organisations had integrated social media in their business-to-business marketing activities, which represents a relatively low rate of integration of social media in marketing activities. Considering the significance of effective market communication in business operation, it is imperative for entrepreneurs to align their business operation to market changes. The researcher was interested in knowing whethe r the businesses have integrated any social media in their traditional market communication activities. The results obtained varied as illustrated in the chart below. Strongly agree 23% Agree 45% Disagree 12% Strongly disagree 17% Uncertain 3% Total 100% In addition to computer-based social media platforms, the researcher intended to know whether the respondent’s businesses had developed mobile-optimised social media platforms. Ninety-seven (97%) of the respondents said that their businesses had not done so, which underscores the low rate of social media appreciation amongst business activities. In a bid to understand the businesses’ commitment to social media marketing, the researcher sought to understand the number of hours that the businesses commit to undertake social media marketing per week. The results obtained are illustrated below. Number of hours per week Percentage response 0 50% 1-5 20% 6-10 11% 11-15 9% 16-20 5% 21-25 3% 2 6-30 1% 31-35 1% Total 100% When asked about the benefits of social media in an organisation’s marketing practices, the respondents cited a number of benefits as illustrated below. Benefit cited Percentage response Increased exposure and insight on market changes 89% Development of customer loyalty 76% Improvement in business partnership 69% Reduction in marketing expenses 86% Increased sales 88% Eighty percent (80%) of the respondents said that an organisation could utilise the market feedback obtained in their continuous product innovation by undertaking an online market research. The respondents were of the opinion that organisations can use social media to gain insight on consumer complaints regarding the firm’s products and services. Moreover, the research can be focused on both the competitors and the customers. Despite their concurrence with the role of social media in research and development in an organisation’s operations, 90% of the respondents said that their businesses have not adopted social media in gaining market intelligence. The study also intended to evaluate the extent to which entrepreneurs have incorporated social media in their human resource management practices. The responses obtained in this regard show that businesses have not appreciated the role of social media in developing a strong human resource base. The chart below illustrates the responses obtained. Social media HR management Percentage response Employee recuritment and selection 10% Internal organisational communication 55% Talent management 5% No involvement 30% Discussion From the literature review, it is evident that innovations with regard to information communication technology are likely to continue into the future. Social media is one of the greatest revolutions of the 21st century. The high rate of innovation with regard to social media means that its importance in our daily lives is likely to increase. Co nsequently, it is imperative for businesses to evaluate how best they can utilise the new technology. Some of the areas that entrepreneurs can consider integrating include marketing, human resource management and market research. The study shows that social media can improve the effectiveness with which an organisation undertakes its marketing activities. One of these activities relates to creating marketing communication. Businesses can use different social media platforms for advertising their products and services. The likelihood of a business creating market awareness regarding its operations to a wide range of potential customers is high considering the high rate at which customers have integrated social media in their lifestyle. Moreover, social media marketing can enable an organisation to develop a strong relationship with other parties in the supply chain. Another major benefit of social media marketing is that it is cost-effective. Czinkota (2009) is of the opinion that a huge gap exists between social and traditional media. Czinkota (2009) posits that it is imperative for both large and small businesses to evaluate how they can incorporate social media in their human resource management practices. The study confirms that social media networks are redefining how businesses undertake their HR management practices. Previously, entrepreneurs relied on traditional methods of recruit employees, which no longer the case as businesses are relying on the connectivity of job applicants through various social media platforms in order to understand their background. Consequently, an organisation is in a position to develop a strong workforce. Social media can also be used to nurture a strong organisational culture. For example, a business can use social media to interact with internal stakeholders such as employees, which will lead to the creation of a sense of involvement amongst employees. Consequently, the probability of developing a strong degree of organis ational identification amongst employees is developed. In their quest to gain new market intelligence. Consequently, social media can be defined as a double-edged showed in that entrepreneurs can understand both positive and negative market feedback regarding its operation (Czinkota 2009). Previously, businesses had a limited scope within which they would have undertaken market research. Today, businesses can undertake market research on potential customers who are widely dispersed. Consequently, businesses are able to adjust their products and services to the prevailing market needs. Moreover, such a market research can enable a firm to develop products that can be accepted in the international market. Thus, the likelihood of achieving profit maximisation goal is high. The study also shows that an organisation can use social media to improve its public image by interacting with customers. For example, an organisation can gain insight on how its products and services contribute to c ustomer satisfaction. Moreover, an organisation can use social media to clarify its position and strategy to deal with the crisis that occurs in the course of its operation. Integrating social media in managing crisis will enhance the process by making it participatory. Thus, the likelihood of attaining effectiveness and efficiency in managing product and store loyalty amongst the customers will be improved. The study shows that there is minimal integration of social media in business operations, especially amongst SMEs. Conclusion and recommendations Social media has undergone significant transformations over the past few decades as evidenced by the large number of social media platforms. Their emergence has had a significant impact on society’s behaviour and experience. Consequently, it is imperative for businesses to consider the most appropriate ways through which they can integrate social media in their operational strategies. However, the study shows that businesses, es pecially SMEs have not fully appreciated the contribution of social media in their operation. Integrating social media in business operation can enhance an organisation’s competitiveness in a number of areas, which include marketing, human resource management and product research and development. Integrating social media in organisations’ marketing practices can lead to improvement in the firms’ level of profitability by creating sufficient market awareness regarding the product and service offered. Therefore, the likelihood of increasing the sales revenue is high and hence profitability is high. The study also underscores the importance of social media in developing a strong human resource base by using social media in their employee recruitment drives. Using social media in the recruitment drive enables an organisation to tap talent from a relatively wide labour market. Thus, an organisation can be able to develop a strong human capital base. The study also sh ows that organisations can also use social in gaining market intelligence on various aspects. Therefore, businesses and entrepreneurs should consider integrating social media in their marketing, human resource management and operational processes. However, it is important for businesses to ensure that they have integrated effective corporate governance and ethical mechanisms in order to improve the effectiveness of utilising social media. A holistic internal strategy on how to utilise social in the businesses operation should be formulated. Moreover, a strong team comprised of individuals who are conversant on how to utilise social media in marketing, human resource management and research and development should be formulated, which will increase the likelihood of successfully incorporating the social media strategy. Reference List Bodnar, K Cohen, J 2011, The B2B social media book: become a marketing superstar by generating leads with blogging, LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook, Email a nd more, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken. Brunty, J, Helenek, K Miller, L 2013, Social media investigation for law enforcement, Elsevier Science, Oxford. Creswell, J Clark, P 2011, Designing and conducting mixed methods research, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks. Czinkota, M 2009, International marketing, Cengage Learning, London. Deming, W 2002, Sample design in business research, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Jacobson, J 2009, 42 rules of social media for small business, Superstar Press, Cupertino. Jadhav, M, Kamble, R Patil, M 2009, ‘Social media marketing: the next generation of business trends’, Journal of Computer Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 45-59. Leanne, M 2012, ‘Social media and employment: Is there a limit?’ Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, vol. 4 no.1, pp. 1-8. O’Leary, S, Sheehan, K Lentz, S 2011, Small business smarts; building buzz with social media, Praeger, Santa Barbara. Oracle: Is social media transform ing your business. 2012. Web. Maxwell, J 2005, Qualitative research design: an interactive approach, Sage Publication, New Jersey. Pride, W 2009, Business, Cengage Learning, New York. Remenyi, D 2008, The 5th international conference on intellectual capital, Academic Public International, New York. Safko, L 2012, The social media bible; tactics, tools and strategies for business success, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken. Soderman, S Dolles, H 2013, Handbook of research on sports and business, Edward Elgar, Cheltenhan. Somers, G, Cain, J Jeffrey, M 2009, Essentials VCE business management. Units 1 and 2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Sweeney, S Craig, R 2011, Social media for business; 101 ways to grow your business without wasting your time, Maximum Press, Gulf Breeze, FL. Thomas, D Barlow, M 2011, The executive’s guide to enterprise social media strategy; how social networks are radically transforming your business, Wiley, Hoboken. Thomas, M Wasmund, S 2011, The smar ter way to do business, Capstone, Chichester. Waters, M 2013, Guide to starting a business, AuthorHouse, London. This report on Significance of social media in business operations was written and submitted by user J0anna to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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â€Å"A dipole in a dielectric: Intriguing results and shape dependence of the distant electric field† â€Å"A dipole in a dielectric†, a familiar statement to say the least! It was not the mention of dipole that persuaded me to include this article in my portfolio, but the conflicting results attained by two seemingly â€Å"correct† methods of determining the dipole moment. I can’t say that I enjoy conflict, in fact I don’t. I do however realize that many of the giant leaps in physics materialized do to inconsistantcies in what was once accepted as true. In these instances many basic truths needed to be modified to explain the disagreement. Could this be the beginning of something big? Consider a dipole consisting of only +q and –q a distance â€Å"d† apart. If we let d0 then we have a point dipole p0. If we are located in a linear dielectric gauss’ law becomes = q. The medium is not a vacuum and the charges in the dielectric can be taken into consideration in the form . Likewise the dipole takes shape as . This is the standard text book solution. Using this information the potential is found to be If we approach the problem from a different perspective, using a spherical version of Laplace’s equation for azimuthal symmetry and inserting the dipole into an empty spherical cavity of radius R (within the dielectric) and letting R0, we get a potential in the vacuum region of . The potential in the dielectric region is . By exploiting the continuity of the scalar potential and finding the -field we get and . Applying boundary conditions gives = so that . Solving gives: , , And a different dipole moment than found through conventional methods. So what is different? The classic method (text book solution) for solving for the dipole moment was to have two charges in a dielectric and a vacuum cavity between them that shrinks to 0. Method two inserts both charges into th... Free Essays on Dipole Free Essays on Dipole â€Å"A dipole in a dielectric: Intriguing results and shape dependence of the distant electric field† â€Å"A dipole in a dielectric†, a familiar statement to say the least! It was not the mention of dipole that persuaded me to include this article in my portfolio, but the conflicting results attained by two seemingly â€Å"correct† methods of determining the dipole moment. I can’t say that I enjoy conflict, in fact I don’t. I do however realize that many of the giant leaps in physics materialized do to inconsistantcies in what was once accepted as true. In these instances many basic truths needed to be modified to explain the disagreement. Could this be the beginning of something big? Consider a dipole consisting of only +q and –q a distance â€Å"d† apart. If we let d0 then we have a point dipole p0. If we are located in a linear dielectric gauss’ law becomes = q. The medium is not a vacuum and the charges in the dielectric can be taken into consideration in the form . Likewise the dipole takes shape as . This is the standard text book solution. Using this information the potential is found to be If we approach the problem from a different perspective, using a spherical version of Laplace’s equation for azimuthal symmetry and inserting the dipole into an empty spherical cavity of radius R (within the dielectric) and letting R0, we get a potential in the vacuum region of . The potential in the dielectric region is . By exploiting the continuity of the scalar potential and finding the -field we get and . Applying boundary conditions gives = so that . Solving gives: , , And a different dipole moment than found through conventional methods. So what is different? The classic method (text book solution) for solving for the dipole moment was to have two charges in a dielectric and a vacuum cavity between them that shrinks to 0. Method two inserts both charges into th...

Read "Sticks and Stones 255-259 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Read "Sticks and Stones 255-259 - Assignment Example The controversial position taken by the Native American community led education institutions such as the Stanford University, to review the names of their teams. The move to stop the usage of Native American names, slogans and customs by sporting teams is very important. This is because sporting needs must be sensitive towards the feeling and opinions of the native communities. Adequate consent should be obtained from the leadership of the Native Communities for the usage of their traditional artifacts and practices. Consent will enhance the support and ownership of the Natives, in the sport teams. Sticks, Stones and Sporting Team Names, illustrate the controversial issue of representing an ethnic group through the sports mascots. Cases in point are the sporting teams that were known as the Washington Redskins and the Cleveland Indians. The ethnic sporting names were not initially aimed at disparaging the Native Americans. This is because the noble symbols represent pride and strength. But, the concept of using human societies as mascots is very dehumanizing. The mascot practices, differentiates the affected communities from the rest of the American

Longing for Freedom Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Longing for Freedom - Coursework Example Once in the small and the forgotten places he finds on the map (the book is named for the blue highways that are the small state and county roads on his map) it may be an out of the way diner or caf, a little college community, even a monastery, he retells histories and tales that make these places significant in their own way. He found out much that was new and strange to him: one thing that struck him and made him think was repeatedly finding one shoe as he made his way across the country. Where was the other shoe Why would someone throw one shoe out the car window What good was the other one, alone He finally concluded, without much conviction, that all those solitary shoes were the result of people dangling their feet out the window, with one shoe accidentally flying off and out onto the roadside. "On the old highway maps of America, the main routes were red and the back roads blue. Now even the colors are changing. But in those brevities just before dawn and a little after dusk - times neither day nor night - the old roads return to the sky some of its color. Then, in truth, they carry a mysterious cast of blue, and it's that time when the pull of the blue highways is strongest ..." Blue Highways is more than just an autobiographical road novel - it contains innumerable aspects of the 'American road culture', ranging from ethnical problems and the undeniable importance of diners to the true significance of road literature. In other words, W. Least Heat Moon somehow assists in determining the myth of the road and he invites the reader to join him on a more abstract kind of road, namely that from the past to the present. Having Native American ancestors himself, Least Heat Moon also lays enormous emphasis on the aspect of race and ethnicity on the road. Why do people leave home to go on such an extended road trip What is the myth of the road that fascinates so many And above all, what do such road protagonists expect to find or discover on the road For William Least heat Moon the journey is on the one hand a sort of escape from home and on the other hand it obviously represents an attempt to forget or even heal. "Etymology: 'curious', related to 'cure', once meant 'carefully observant'. Maybe a tonic of curiosity would counter my numbing sense that life inevitably creeps toward the absurd. 'Absurd', by the way, derives from a Latin word meaning 'deaf, dulled'. Maybe the road could provide a therapy through observation of the ordinary and obvious, a means whereby the outer eye opens an inner one." (Blue Highways, p.17) As the name 'Least Heat Moon' already indicates, his ancestors were Native Americans and thus his journey is as well an occasion to search for his origins, to somehow trace his ancestral roots. Most road protagonists set out alone with the simple reason to find their true self. For William Least Heat Moon this search for himself requires the loneliness of the back roads and this purity of experience. However, although the loneliness of the back roads is quite an important aspect, Least Heat Moon knows that it is exactly his traveling alone that also brings him into contact with people that makes him

Exceptionalism, Isolationism, and expansionism with reference to Essay

Exceptionalism, Isolationism, and expansionism with reference to videos and assigned readings - Essay Example An examination of a developed country’s foreign policy such as America is essential in determining the importance of an effective foreign policy. A critical analysis of the American foreign policy portrays an interconnection of exceptionalism, isolationism, and expansionism. A manifestation of this interconnection is clearly seen during the Mexican - American War. This is because the war arguably marks the first steps of America’s rise to a global power. The Mexican – American War revolved around territorial disputes between America and Mexico. This implies that the entire Mexican – American War can be considered to be based upon American expansionism. This is because America sought to expand its territories into Mexico in areas considered to have some significance. America claimed that the border was at Rio Grande while Mexico argued that the border was at Nueces River. A border at Rio Grande meant that Mexico would lose a significant portion of land to America. In 1945, President Polk sent American troops under the leadership of General Zachary Taylor to the Nueces River to take over the disputed land. Polk’s actions can be considered to have been facilitated by his position as provided by America’s foreign policy where the president is recognized as the commander in chief of the army and navy. America’s presence was met by opposition from the Mexican troops at a time that saw the death of 11 Ame rican soldiers and imprisonment of several more (The Mexican American War, 2006). However, this was followed by a series of other conflicts in Mexico in which the American troops occasionally emerged victorious and consequently the occupation of Mexico City by Americans. In addition to increased expansion interests to the South, America also had keen interest in expanding the Northern borders such as California. This period that saw increased concentration on expansion can be considered to have marked America’s first attempts of becoming a

Conflict theory

Conflict theory Abstract With the development of the labeling theory, many researchers found experimentation and data collection easier to finding predictors in criminal behavior. Assuming that criminal behavior is constantly existent, according to Emile Durkheim, it is debatable whether crime is beneficial to society. Despite appeals for controlling crime in specific terms of the Classical School, there are complications in todays society that can effect later generations based on the theory of conflict and control. Since competition, dominance, and control are persistent in an individual’s way of life, their behavior is dictated as such through their social class, but also within the behaviors of those opposing them, causing consistent conflict. This paper will explain conflict theories, the theorists and the variables involved, and the select policy implications that can benefit and cripple society for a more stable living environment. Keyword(s): society, conflict, competition, criminal behavior, control, Quinney Conflict Theory The rich versus the poor. The right versus the wrong. The healthy versus the sick. The righteous versus the evil. What these all have in common there is conflict between them all. Whether created based on social status or by some form of problem within individual lives, conflict resides as a form of power or control over others. In today’s society, communities are overpowered by unfair wages, improper education fees, unjust regulations for jobs, and immoral methods of social prosperity within social classes. This continued with a conflict of employment, where jobs are either available for those who want to work or people complain due for certain demands without placing any effort for them. By placing conflict on certain ideals, the rationale of life is divided further to where dominance and control will deconstruct standards ways of life. Main Idea of Conflict Theory The main idea of the conflict theory is an offshoot of the labeling theory. Conflict theory assumes that the rich or powerful have the upper hand in society their philosophy is that conflict in society is inevitable and resources are in demand, and control over these resources brings about a majority of these conflicts in society (Williams McShane, 2014). Whether the conflict between classes lasts between economic status and social status, the theory gathers the assumption of classes dominating one another for the sole purpose of control within a social hierarchy. Complex or Abstract? The perspective of the conflict theorists would be categorized as complex because of the variety of philosophies within the conflict theory. For example, the pluralist conflict perspective assumes struggles based on various groups by numerous reasons including economic and social status (Williams McShane, 2014). Many problems may occur within one section of groups within a functioning society that may collide with other groups, like budget expenses and manpower for war. These problems emerge at any point through everyday life, and can be deterred. However, it is society that dictates the change to take one course of action or another. As a result, the impeding action from one person can influence another, but also hinder an individual to act against the judgment of one for the benefit of resources or availability of needs and services. Because power is synonymous with resources, the social class structures implies, with conflict, that those who can obtain certain luxuries within the social hierarchy can benefit better than others in a plethora of ways. As a result, competition occurs and conflict resumes through domination and control over the others. What Are We Studying? The interdisciplinary natures of this theory involve the affluent members of society controls the resources in society and uses the law as the way for control. For pluralist conflict perspectives, as stated earlier, those who could obtain the resources over others would thrive better than others. However, research towards criminal justice assumes that â€Å"power groups determined to use criminal law to advance their own special interested or to impose their moral preferences on others† (Williams McShane, 2014). In layman’s terms, there will be powers within reason to control others based on employment, economic status, social status and other factors that will impede on others. Therefore, competition will always be present within society, and conflict will always occur. However, society dictates that without competition and conflict, then structures of society, including government, would be flawed, and crimes would not be as a individually punishable as it is today. According to Marxist criminology (cited by Williams McShane, 2014), conflict due to limitation of resources and scarcity in distribution of said resources like power can create conflict with those do have power and those who do not. This imbalance stems towards dominance and control and, as a result, dwindles down the middle zone of social hierarchy. Theorists of Conflict Theory Though there are several theorists that benefited from the development of conflict theories, one notable for the most profound change in the theory was Richard Quinney in the 1960s and 1970s. Using his dual degree in social and psychology from Carroll College, his later works in education gathered the â€Å"Lone Ranger† mentality of American values towards his perspective of time (Williams McShane, 2014). His most influential production within the conflict theory is the six propositions of the social reality of crime, where conflict was the product of reaction. Since certain classes react to specific behaviors like criminal behavior, they associate those behaviors to be defined as criminal and subject those behaviors as such for power and gain at a societal level, whether through dominance in numbers of in favor of public appeal. As a result, the divide between the upper and lower classes is strained where the lower classes emulates those around them deviating from the norm a nd subjecting to criminal behavior. Variables of Conflict Theory In the basis of the conflict theory, the variables are more strained towards the individual, but the differences in experimentation differ on a monumental scale. While the dependent variable is the sole individual, the independent variable is redefined to the basis of social status, including finances, employment, and other methods of competition within society. These independent variables also include competition in education, economic status, mental and physical health, and living status (house versus apartment). Because of these implications on the individual and their impacts towards his or her life in society, their life places them in a specific class to where they will be conflicting with others due to how they live their life. Whether they engage in criminal acts as a result is entirely subjective and speculative at best, but any of those factors can assume that criminal behavior can occur. Qualitative Versus Quantitative Based on the information provided by other theorists, the studies involving conflict theory are assumed to be qualitative. For example, under the justifications of conflict theory made by Quinney and Steven Spitzer during the 1970s, Spitzer developed five types of â€Å"problems populations,† where conflicts would most likely occur in society, and the observations he recorded between two different areas of social status presume that no need for control will exist if one group does not impose a threat on the other (Williams McShane, 2014). These observations, including those recorded by Karl Marx over the industrial class, subject nothing to statistical data to support their findings, and the observations by the sole individual create more reliable data to make their findings more conclusive. Conflict Theory: The Good and the Bad While the theory itself is proven to be beneficial to proving common behaviors within society and proving the behaviors associated with social status and social class, it can be commonly proven that the opportunities given to select individuals will lessen and heighten and chances of criminality. With conflict theory, competition and dominance will instill negative behaviors affluent to criminality, stemming criminal behavior and delinquency through any individual based on any factors of socioeconomic status. However, the theory assumes that all people within a specific class will compete and lead to criminal behavior. For example, the entirety of the lower class will dwell into crime because of the lack of resources the upper class have that the lower class need creates conflict between the two, proving Quinney’s proposal as earlier stated. Though this does prove criminal behavior within conflict, it does not substantiate and validate the findings of all forms of conflict. It only assumes conflict as a common predictor to all forms of crime rather than proving a certain variable can be the first step to all criminality. Instead, the form translates to the socioeconomic status as an overgeneralized example, therefore, causing reliability of all statistics to be flawed. Macro-theory Versus Micro-theory Based on the information provided earlier, this would be classified as a micro theory. The study of social struggles between the poor and the middle to upper class. The disparity in resources or social status causes the greatest conflicts. The laws are implemented to favor the rich, and leave the poor at a distinct disadvantage, forcing them to remain where they are without any distinct change in their standards of living. Personal Reflection I wholeheartedly agree with the main idea of this theory. Conflicts in society are inevitable. People, in general, have aspirations and ambitions, and when others with a different philosophy or mindset disagree, this causes friction or conflict. In some instances, a person’s ambition can spiral out of control, causing the ambition to take a desperate edge and become something negative everywhere the initial intentions are noble. Another point of this theory I agree with is the rich or affluent have the upper hand in society. They have the money, which translates into power, and results in them having a profound advantage over the poor. Money gets you notoriety, political power, and, at times, can buy them justice. Despite the influence of class with money, money does not guarantee class. It simply gives you better opportunities. There are just as many poor people with class, integrity and honesty as the privileged. Policy Implications Because many areas within society are crippled due to the introduction of conflict theory, there are various policy implications that can complement and prevent certain behaviors from occurring. As stated in earlier papers, one common solution to reducing crime and any form of recidivism is the factor of minimum wage. By increasing minimum wage state-wide, more jobs are created and higher opportunities of living are created for the lower and middle class. This would constitute a better standard of living pursuant of the American Dream, but there are issues. Since people are already assumed to be competitive, the works of specific individuals in certain classes, including the upper class, will still create conflict. For example, in the sake of unions, the beginning of unions was to give workers some rights and affordable wages to wear the workers could provide for their families and have sustainable living. Over time, the workers would want more and more until the owners would make co sts to their own lives and the workers are no longer in control. The workers’ competitiveness and willpower to ask for more consistently causes instability between the working class (proletariat) and the owners (bourgeoisie). There has been speculation to whether increasing wages would help, but inflation would result for standards of living because competition will exist through dominance and control. However, what if wages were made a set limit regardless of education or status, and set based on employment. One person is paid ten dollars an hour as a cashier for McDonalds while another person is paid 30 dollars an hour as a police officer to ensure the protection of the communities he is sworn to protect and serve. Competition with wages will still occur as well as conflict due to the bias of employment and stereotypical bias. Therefore, wages changing isn’t beneficial to society, but it assists those as a readily available solution to react quickly and only in the moment to assist. At the same effect, another possible solution towards conflict theory in society is providing free education for all citizens, regardless of economic status. In Germany today, all colleges have been made free for tuition, which may lead most American citizens who have usable visas and are seeking further education to head overseas for an easily affordable education (Salles, 2014). Because of this drastic change in policy, the United States could implement this, but the system of government seems too controlling towards the middle and lower class to let anything happen to their puppets in the masquerade of life they ordain and manipulative for the upper class to gain. Since most students attending colleges in the United States are toppling with debt due to high tuition rates, it seems more reasonable for governments to be conflict with one another based on public policy, but the individuals are given better opportunities between the two as a means for a higher standard of living. References Salles, J.M. (2014). â€Å"This Country Just Abolished College Tuition Fees.† Thinkprogress.org. Retrieved from http://thinkprogress.org/education/2014/10/01/3574551/germany-free-college-tuition/ Williams III, F.P. McShane, M.D. (2014). Criminological Theory (6th Ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson/Prentice Hall.