Nursing Transformational Leadership - 1156 Words

The Strange Voyage 1. I think that the patient misunderstood the nurse’s intentions when he was moved from the ICU to the other places in the hospital because there was limited communication letting the know what will be happening. It seems that the patient was not familiar with the hospital, procedures and the people and because of that, the patient felt that all the interventions were to harm him. Even before the surgery, the surgeon visited the patient very quickly and told the patient this was a routine surgery. Although it may be routine, I think that it would be good to educate the patient about what will be occurring in each of the processes. In addition, when the patient was going for exams, the patient had to wonder what exam†¦show more content†¦In team nursing, the nurse could delegate tasks to other team members, which was not seen in this vignette. Primary nursing care provides enhanced quality care to patients in the sense that the nurse will have a better relationshi p with patient; understand the physical, emotional, social, and other aspects of the patient, thus reducing errors and preventable injuries. I think that primary nursing model is effective because the care of the patient, the individuals involved in the patient remains consistent, less inconsistencies and it helps the patient be able more involved in their care. I think that the nurse’s verbal and non-verbal communication in the vignette was limited and it was not effective. For instance, when the nurse says, â€Å"I think this is the moment to get rid of him†, the patient misunderstands that they are going to kill him. In addition, each time an injection is given, the patient also feels like the nurse is trying to hurt him. Moreover, when the nurse says, â€Å"you can no longer move†, the meaning of that is vague and it is unclear to the patient. However, in another instance, when the African American nurse smiled and touched the patient’s hand, it made him feel protected. I think that in looking at these examples, gestures, facial expressions, body language as well as verbal communication influenced the patient. I suggest that the nurse should have provided visualShow MoreRelatedTransformational Leadership in Nursing1008 Words   |  5 PagesTransformational Leadership In today’s healthcare system, effective leadership is essential to improving and reaching organizational outcomes. A leader is someone with the ability to influence others but, an effective leader uses positive strategies to inspire employees to work towards the same goal. Leadership in nursing requires a constant effort to motivate others to become part of the organizational transformation. This can be achieved using a transformational leadership style withRead MoreTransformational Leadership : The Nursing Profession2046 Words   |  9 Pages Transformational Leadership in the Nursing Profession Candice P. Dude University of New Brunswick Transformation Leadership in the Nursing Profession Effective leadership is an important quality to create a functional workplace environment. When it comes to the healthcare system, specifically nursing, transformational leadership is the most qualified form. Its main principles inspire confidence, personal and organizational goals, innovation and support. (Hamstra, Van YpernRead MoreTransformational Leadership : A Positive Way1471 Words   |  6 PagesTransformational Leadership: A Positive Way to Lead â€Å"Delivering Happiness: A Path to Profits, Passion, and Purpose†, written by Tony Hsieh, the CEO of Zappos, an online shoe company, tells the story of how they grew from the ground, up to a well-known company. Hsieh is the perfect example of a transformational leader. The characteristics Tony Hsieh embodies are some of the many characteristics necessary to exemplify transformational leadership theory. Hsieh is a charismatic leader who has theRead MoreLeadership From A Nurses Perspective1548 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership in Clinical Nursing When one thinks of leaders, they think of those who hold a high profile position or someone who is highly visible in the public eye. A leader, regardless of prestige is someone who can easily influence and inspire the actions and goals of others. The definition of a leader in Nursing Leadership and Management in Nursing states, â€Å"leadership is commonly defined as a process of influence in which the leader influences others towards goal achievement (Kelly, 2012 p.2)Read MoreManagement Of Power By Saint Louis Medical Center993 Words   |  4 Pagespatient care, and innovative healthcare. As a nurse executive at SLMC, my management of power would be one that is based on supporting staff, encouraging â€Å"out-of-the-box† thinking, and promoting efficiency. The leadership theories that best suit my management of power are the transformational and the nine-factors of full-range theories. In both theories, leaders motivate their staff by appealing to moral values that stem from the organization’s vision statement (Doody Doody, 2012). These types ofRead MoreThe Health Care System Of New Zealand Essay1745 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership is mandatory in all industries either it is health care or any other Business. As we already know that leadership is a learning process and without a leader any organization cannot survive. The Health care system of New Zealand has shown the significant changes within past decades and it varies according to historical, political, and social contexts. The history shows that there were huge health differences between the Maoris and non-Maoris, which were due to socioeconomic and lifestyleRead MoreNice Girls And Transformational Leadership Theory1651 Words   |  7 PagesNice Girls and Transformational Leadership Overlooking the importance of mentors, limiting possibilities, refusing high-profile assignments, ignoring the importance of network relationships, failing to define one’s brand, and not soliciting enough feedback— these are some of the many mistakes Dr. Lois P. Frankel (2014) warns against in her latest revision of Nice Girls Still Don’t Get the Corner Office (Nice Girls). 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This paper also delves into transformational leadership in nursing and how learning about leadership has supported personal growth for me now and in future practiceRead MoreDevelopment Of A Transformational Leader1351 Words   |  6 PagesDeveloping Transformational Leaders in Nursing In order to develop strong leaders throughout the nursing industry, one must encompass various traits from all types of leadership theories. Of the many different theories, transformational leadership has a heavy impact in creating a strong and successful leader. Strengths Finder 2.0 guides individuals into focusing on developing themselves through their strengths instead of trying to fix their weaknesses. In doing so, individuals are able to develop

Essay on Why Sociology Is Important to Nursing - 986 Words

1) Introduction As an introduction, generally, sociology is mainly the study of society, communities and people whereas nursing is a profession which focused on assisting individuals, families, and communities in attaining, maintaining and recovering optimal health and functioning. In this assignment, I will describe the definition of Sociology, the definition of nursing and explain why sociology is very important and is relevant to nursing practice. I hope this assignment will show the relevance of sociology to nursing practice and that will develop more professional and very reliable nurses. 2) Definition of Sociology â€Å"Sociology† comes from the Latin word Socius (companion) and the ending –ology from the Greek logos (word).†¦show more content†¦Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Hence, teaching healthcare towards common people is an important nursing function as nursing is involved mostly with health promotion, health maintenance, health restoration and the care of dying. These are the qualities which are essential and required by society nowadays. 4) Why is sociology important to nursing practice? Sociology is just as valuable and important to nursing as is psychology is. Sociology helps a nurse understand what makes people tick the same way psychology does. The only difference is that sociology does it from a group or community perspectives. Sociology explores the issues of genders, social classes, stratification, families and economic policies which have impacts on health care and nursing. The information gleaned by even a cursory study in those fields could contribute toward being a kinder and gentler nurse. All of above are important because besides medical knowledge, a nurse really needs to be kind, sympathetic and compassionate. In addition, there are currently many ethical questions in medicine which can be partially covered through the study of sociology such as social welfare disaster such as homelessness. Sociology will give a nurse knowledge and experience on how to deal with everyone better and to give the nurse betterShow MoreRelatedSociological Knowledge in Nursing Essays1301 Words   |  6 PagesSociology is the study of human social behavior, communities and society. It involves the evolution of society and human behavior and it focuses on how society can change human behavior based on interaction with each other (Bennett, B., 2009 p.2). Nursing is a health care profession which concentrates in supporting individuals, their families, and societies as a whole in preserving, attaining and improving best possible health and functioning (Kozier, et al., 2010 pp. 8-9). Sociological knowledgeRead MoreSocial Roles in the Caring Profession Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagesthat socialization into norms determines behavior, Unlike most other areas of sociology, social network theory is usually defined in formal mathematics We know that communication is the transfer of information between or among people,the practice of nursing utilizes constant communication between the nurse and the patient, the patient’s family, the nurse’s co-workers, supervisors, and many others. Communication in nursing can be a complicated process, and the possibility of sending or receiving incorrectRead MoreWhy Nurses Should Study Sociology4078 Words   |  17 Pages2 Why Should Nurses Study Sociology? Barbara Green and Sarah Earle Key issues in this chapter †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The difference between sociology in nursing and sociology of nursing The value of developing sociological skills Using sociological skills in nursing practice Sociological knowledge: policy, practice and change By the end of this chapter you should be able to . . . discuss the reasons why nurses should study sociology; understand the distinction between sociology of nursing and sociologyRead MoreNursing Theories Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesFive Stages of Nursing Theory and Philosophy NU 500 UNIT 1 June 6, 2012 Jeanne Greer, RN Saint Josephs University Five Stages of Nursing Theory and Philosophy Nursing has made phenomenal achievement in the last century that has led to the recognition of nursing as an academic discipline and a profession. According to Fawcett (1980), a move towards theory-based practice has made nursing meaningful (p. 10). When talking about nursing theory development, it is important to identify theRead MoreNursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing932 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Nursing My personal philosophy of nursing began at an early age watching my mother volunteer for 25 years on the local rescue squad, following in the footsteps of her mother. I learned that helping others in a time of need should always be a priority. Respect and dignity should always be shown to people, no matter the who they are or where they are from. I have and will continue to show compassion for others while administering professional holistic care, guided by the American Nursing AssociationsRead MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1689 Words   |  7 Pagescertain facilities, providers, products and screenings, life style choices and many other data points that seek to analyze and determine why individuals and communities choose what they choose.   Much of the data is gathered by researchers in studies who tend to investigate these areas as a means to make a profit.   College and University researchers in sociology, psychology and other human behaviors seek answers to these questions as well, and data resulting from such research is available nationallyRead MoreEssay Ethnic Inequality in Health Care1723 Words   |  7 Pageswould also like to take the knowledge learnt for this topic and brief outline how this may help me in future nursing practice. First of all, it is important to consider the whole aspect of ethnicity as it has other elements such as race and culture which goes along side this concept. Barry and Yuill (2008, p128) both state that ethnicity is â€Å"a common cultural heritage that is sociology learned and constructed†. This is what partly defines an individual socially. In terms of race, this is a biologicalRead MoreGraded Unit Planning Process1391 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluation. In the planning process I must complete and develop a plan to show that I can help a patient I have chosen with a nursing activity. After having a meeting with my mentor to discuss which patient we felt would be a suitable candidate for me to complete this task with, I gained consent from him. I also gained consent from the patient after explaining what and why I was doing the activity, and all information about her would be kept confidential. For this matter I will refer to the patientRead MoreDr. Asdf s Biography, Theory, Patient Scenario, And Real World Application1231 Words   |  5 PagesDr. Peplau was a brilliant woman whose contribution to the nursing world helped paved for a different way to providing nursing care. Her theory not only applies to behavioral problems but can be applied to other areas in nursing as well. This researcher will discuss Dr. Peplau’s biography, theory, patient scenario, and real world application. Biography Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau was born on September 1, 1909 in Reading, Pennsylvania. Her parents, Gustav and Ottylie Peplau, were of German decent.Read MoreApplying Anthropology to Nursing Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesApplying Anthropology to Nursing Medical Anthropology is dedicated to the relationship between human behavior, social life, and health within an anthropological context. 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Psycho-sexual Development Free Essays

Psychosocial Stage Is the stage that Is based on an organ that gives pleasure during a certain part of development. This organ Is an erogenous zone during that stage of life that can make us feel good. The psychosocial stage has five different stages, namely oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage and genital stage. We will write a custom essay sample on Psycho-sexual Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first stage is oral stage; experiencing this stage makes me feel that my mouth and lips are the center of pleasure. I experienced being fixated, like I was over eating, talking too much and biting sarcasm. The second psychosocial stage is anal stage, which we can experience when we are two to three years of age. We tend to eliminate waste any time and anywhere. This problem can be solve through what we call â€Å"toilet training†. Learning to do so can help Individual to develop pleasure of holding their waste to please their mother’s. Some Individual are late bloomers and they tend to learn toilet training until they were five years old. I remember when I was 3 years of age, I am already trained about this â€Å"toilet training† that’s why my parents told me one of the unforgettable words I heard, ‘*very good we don’t need you to wear diaper an† There are lot of advantages learning toilet training during anal stage, the best of the advantages is the lesser use of diaper. The third stage is phallic stage; this can be experienced when we are around four to six years of age. At this age, we learned the difference between male and female. During phallic stage, male gets Jealous of his ether and feels like wanting to replace him. Male individuals at this age can also feel castration anxiety, the fear of castration meaning being afraid to be circumcised. On the other hand, female Individuals feel Like blaming their mother for not Glenn them pennies Like the male one’s have. I experience this blaming thing when I tried to pee like my brother. During phallic stage males excessively concerned being masculine in appearance and actions while females feels excessive need and demand for equality treatment with men. The fourth stage is the latency stage, latent means hidden. This stage can be experienced when we are six to twelve years old. In this stage, we tend to play music and different Instruments, and play different sports we love. No further psychosocial development takes place during this stage. The fifth and last stage is genital stage, In this stage the focus Is on one’s genitalia, their own sex organ as their erogenous zone for pleasure. This can be experienced from thirteen years old onwards; this Is also the stage of being curious about sex. The individual develops a strong sexual rest of a person’s life. Studying and experiencing psychosocial stage gives me a lot of knowledge about when and why individual experience these stages during birth up to the present age. Also, studying psychosocial stage gave me more views and helped me answer different questions inside my mind. Most of all, it lessens my curiosity. By studies and experiences I can share different lessons and story with different people, especially the young ones about how each one of us develops as we grow older. How to cite Psycho-sexual Development, Papers

To what extent does shakespeare present macbeth as a villain free essay sample

Shakespeare presents Macbeth more extensively as a villain using methods which would be more understood in the era the play was composed, which was the Jacobean period, but influenced by the reign of Elizabeth. During the Elizabethan period people were preoccupied with the supernatural, which is one of the main topics in Shakespeare’s play. In my opinion Shakespeare structures the play to make the audience see Macbeth transforming from a hero into a villain, we can also see how Macbeth’s character transfigures from a valiant, noble soldier to a deceitful traitor. Shakespeare exhibits Macbeth as being heroic both at the prelude and the climax of the play by portraying him as being brave and gallant. These heroic qualities supported by Macbeth’s will to fight for king and country are illustrated when fighting the rebellion, by Duncan, who is the king of Scotland. Duncan commends Macbeth, without the hero being present, which shows high respect from Duncan to Macbeth. This is shown in Act 1 Scene 2: â€Å"O Valiant cousin, worthy gentleman! † This is Duncan speaking and he is talking about Macbeth. Having the king call a soldier a cousin is a great honour and it is almost like Duncan is calling Macbeth his equal because of the heroic qualities Macbeth has shown him. At this point Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a hero more than a villain because of what Duncan says to Macbeth. The audience in the Jacobean period would have immediately started to like Macbeth because of this heroism towards the king. This response is important because the audience in the 1600s was exceedingly religious and they believed in the Divine Order; the king was a messenger from God, therefore Macbeth was helping to protect God by fighting for Duncan. However, at this point the audience were not the only people who were admiring him; all the soldiers that Macbeth fought with, Banquo and unsurprisingly the king. This is because Macbeth has relinquished his life and will to save and protect the king. An example to show how the king gratifies Macbeth is shown in Act 1 Scene 4: â€Å" the proportion of both thanks and payment might have been mine † This is showing that Duncan is very appreciative of Macbeth’s heroic acts and no amount of money could suffice Duncan’s gratitude. Language and dramatic techniques are used throughout the play by Shakespeare to emphasize certain aspects and themes. To accentuate Macbeth’s heroism, Shakespeare has used similes such as the one found in Act 1 Scene 2 Line 35: â€Å"As sparrows eagles, or the hare the lion. † This compares Banquo and Macbeth to eagles and lions killing sparrows and hares; it is too easy to accomplish and there is no challenge. This is a comparison of Macbeth and Banquo fighting the rebellion which they did very easily. This technique is used to emphasize Macbeth’s valour and how other characters admire him. Another technique is irony used within the speech of the Thane of Ross: â€Å"God save the king. † This is ironical because we, as the audience, know what happens to Duncan and know that not even God can save him. The dramatic irony here is shown because the Thane of Ross literally says ‘May the king live forever’, but as the audience we know that Duncan will die in the hands of Macbeth who he put so much trust in to. The dramatic irony is that the Thane of Ross is saying the opposite of reality and the irony comes because the audience know and Duncan does not know that he will die. Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a tragic hero by allowing him to be influenced by external sources of evil and power. The definition of a tragic hero is a hero who has a tragic flaw or makes an error which eventually leads to his downfall. Macbeth’s tragic flaw or error is succumbing to his ambition, which seems to be decided by a preordained fate. Moreover, Shakespeare presents Macbeth as having convened with external influence such as his wife and the witches. Lady Macbeth influences Macbeth to perform regicide by manipulating him through her speech and her actions. She has her own ambition which she wishes to achieve through Macbeth’s evil deeds; her ambition commences after receiving the letter from Macbeth, which is a dramatic device used by Shakespeare. The letter triggers the series of evil acts committed by the Macbeths, which starts with the killing of Duncan as a result of Lady Macbeth’s manipulative ambition. Lady Macbeth acts as a catalyst to make Macbeth’s transition happen faster because she starts to become manipulative as soon as she hears the witches’ prophecies: â€Å"All hail Macbeth that shalt be King hereafter. † The prophecy comes from the supernatural aspect of the play: the witches and Lady Macbeth is indirectly persuaded by the witches to manipulate Macbeth in this matter. The reason for her manipulating Macbeth is her own ambition to become queen, which in ways is stronger than Macbeth’s. This is actually shown by Macbeth in his speech in Act 1 Scene 7: â€Å"Nothing but males,† here Macbeth is stating that he knows how much time and effort Lady Macbeth has put into the planning of the regicide and he will go through with it. In my opinion the quote shows that Lady Macbeth has got more ambition than Macbeth because she is the one that has planned the entire plot and she is the one who keeps trying to manipulate Macbeth into killing Duncan. At this point in the play the Jacobean audience would have started having suspicions about Macbeth because of his dealings with the supernatural, which was considered evil and wrong; people in those times would have been executed for dealing with witches because it was considered a sign of being bewitched. Shakespeare continues to present Macbeth as a tragic hero by having the witches’ prophecies influencing Macbeth’s life by giving him ambition to become king, which was fuelled by Lady Macbeth’s manipulative words. Lady Macbeth manipulates Macbeth by challenging his manhood: â€Å"Hath it slept since † This quote spoken with sibilance shows Lady Macbeth freely challenging Macbeth’s masculinity in a way that will make him respond by saying that his valour sleeps in between battles and can therefore not be used for fighting his every day problems. Lady Macbeth knows Macbeth’s personality and knows he will not stand a direct challenge of his manhood, which is when Macbeth turns in to a villain; he accepts the challenge to kill the king showing the extent of his transformation. Shakespeare’s presentation of Macbeths as a tragic hero is emphasised by Shakespeare using Lady Macbeth’s speech to input language devices, such as a proverb: â€Å" like the poor cat i’th’adage? † This says the cat wanted a fish but would not get her paws wet, which is what Lady Macbeth compares Macbeth to; a man wanting to become king but not willing to do anything to get it. Shakespeare uses this in Lady Macbeth’s speech to show how manipulative she is because again she is teasing Macbeth by stating what he wants but that he is not willing to work for it. Shakespeare shows how manipulative Lady Macbeth can which will inevitably be how Macbeth is transformed into a villain. Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a transforming hero by the decisions he begins to make, which are becoming more necessary for him as he climbs the ladder of hierarchy; these decisions now influence his whole life, but they have already been decided for him by the Divine Order. Macbeth changes his mind at the point where Lady Macbeth has manipulated him so much that his mind is in turmoil. Lady Macbeth persuades Macbeth to kill Duncan by telling him everything will be fine and no one will find out what happened. Macbeth knows he wants to become king so he gives in to his ambition. An example of how Macbeth convinces himself that he is going to commit regicide is: â€Å"I am settled† This means that nothing will change his mind on whether or not to kill the King. It shows Macbeth’s transition has almost completely finished and he is now evil. At this point the suspicions of the Jacobean audience would be very strong because here Macbeth is agreeing to regicide, which is killing the king and against the Divine Order. The Divine Order says that kings are God’s messengers and a crime against a king is a crime against God. Macbeth agreeing to this decision now will cause him to be influenced to kill again in the future which he will not care about and it will result in him dealing with evil from now on as a result of the external influences and his over ambition. To show the transformation of Macbeth, Shakespeare uses soliloquy. The soliloquy in Act 1 Scene 7 shows Macbeth’s conflicting interests as he fights with his conscience to decide what the right thing to do is. Within the soliloquy Shakespeare uses metaphor: â€Å" upon this bank and shoal of time † This is figuratively saying Macbeth is a fish in the river of time where opportunities come and go so he may have another chance to become king. Shakespeare uses dramatic devices by showing a dagger to Macbeth pointing towards Duncan’s chamber. The dramatic device used is imagery because it allows us the audience to picture what is going on in Macbeth’s mind and the actual imagery occurs when Macbeth is seeing the silhouette of the dagger, but nothing is there creating the shadow. The quote â€Å"And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood It is the bloody business which informs thus to mine eyes † shows that Macbeth’s mind is in turmoil because the first part shows that he now sees blood on a figurative dagger, which is a dramatic device to show that the dagger is with blood on is what Macbeth will produce when he kills Duncan. The second part of the quote shows that Macbeth is thinking about the murder in a way that is evil; it means that the thoughts of murder are playing tricks with his eyes. This implies that Macbeth is just imagining the dagger and it was never there. Nevertheless, the dagger pointing towards Duncan’s room is part of fate and the Divine Order willing him to kill Duncan. At this point Macbeth’s mind is fighting with itself, but it is clear to see that Macbeth is biased towards the villain within him due to his ambition. From the evidence so far, Shakespeare has strongly shown Macbeth to be a villain because of the evil acts he has undertaken and by conferring with the supernatural and beings of evil. Shakespeare portrays Macbeth now a villain, who has completely transformed with no way back and his villainy is exhibited by the acts of murder Macbeth performs. First Macbeth commits regicide and then he hires murderers to kill Banquo. The act of regicide was brought upon from the mis-guided trust of Lady Macbeth as well as Macbeth’s own ambition to become king. This is where the Jacobean audience would start hating Macbeth because of committing a crime against God (Divine Order) also they would have wanted to execute him for being bewitched because of his ambition and his inability to say ‘Amen,’ this is shown: â€Å"But wherefore I could not say ‘Amen’ I had the need of blessing and ‘Amen’ got stuck in my throat. † This means that he has no longer got a good soul and in those times the inability to say ‘Amen’ was considered a sign of being bewitched. Shakespeare’s presentation of Macbeth further continues by Macbeth arranging Banquo’s murder. Macbeth becomes manipulative like Lady Macbeth, and starts contorting the minds of the murderers to think of Banquo as an enemy. This is shown in Act 3 Scene 1 Line 90-91: â€Å"Whose heavy hand hath bowed you to the grave / And beggared yours forever. † Here Macbeth influences the murderers to kill Banquo by saying that Banquo is the source of all their pain and he will be the reason that their children will be beggars. This is exploitive because the words will anger the murderers so much they will want to kill Banquo. Even though Macbeth is strongly shown to be a villain, there is evidence that he had regrets of what he did to Duncan; this is shown through the emotion and his thoughts and after he killed Duncan: â€Å"Had I but died an hour before this chance † This means if Macbeth had died before Lady Macbeth had spoke of her ploy or her ‘enterprise’ Duncan would still be alive and Macbeth would have been blessed and gone to heaven. This is another close reference to the belief in Christianity in the Jacobean period. Throughout this period of the play, Shakespeare depicts Macbeth as being a murderous villain by using a number of language devices. In the quote: â€Å"Whose heavy hand hath bowed † Shakespeare uses the alliteration of the letter ‘h’; this makes this part of the dialogue sound sinister and malevolent, in order to emphasise what Macbeth would do to the murderers if they did not carry out the murder. Another language device used by Shakespeare is a rhyming couplet: â€Å"It is concluded, Banquo, thy souls flight / If it finds heaven, must find it out tonight. † Shakespeare uses the rhyming couplet of ‘flight’ and ‘tonight’ in this sentence to make the audience remember what has happened, therefore these two lines are use as a two line summary for the scene. The rhyming couplet also adds extra emphasis on what Macbeth is feeling at the time; Banquo was once his friend so he hopes that his soul can go to heaven. The whole of the quote acts as a summary to the scene but also as a conclusion to Banquo’s life as Macbeths sees it. Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a man driven by ungodly ideas in a way that would captivate the audience. This is shown through Macbeth’s ambition to become king, after being awoken by the supernatural. Before the Jacobeans, there were the Elizabethans and they were heavily involved in the supernatural. The Elizabethan view of ambition was that it was a sin rather than a virtue, which is the contemporary view of the word; Elizabethans thought of ambition as an impatience against God, who had already decided what your destiny was, again referencing back to the Divine Order. Macbeth’s ambition would have made the audience even more assertive of the fact Macbeth was a villain because his ambition was such a dominant attribute that it now defines his character. Macbeth’s ambition is first disclosed after Macbeth’s first convergence with the witches where he says (Act 1 Scene 3): â€Å" less than horrible imaginings † Macbeth pictures himself as Duncan’s assassin, which means his ambition is already taking a little control in the back of his mind. At this point Macbeth is disgusted at what he is thinking because he does not yet realise what he will become in the future. The audience in the Jacobean times would have been disgusted with Macbeth for having ambition because of their unchallenged faith in Christianity and ambition being an impatience against God. The audience would have hated him at this point and seen him as a true villain; they would have forgotten about the hero he once was because it is no longer there. Shakespeare uses dramatic irony to illustrate this aspect of Macbeth’s transition because Macbeth is disgusted by himself at first when he meets the witches for thinking about becoming king, but he does not realise that what he is disgusted by is what he will inexorably become so accustomed to later on: killing the king and other people. Shakespeare uses this technique to show the contrast and transition of Macbeth’s character. Shakespeare’s presentation of a man who consults with evil spirits is shown whenever Macbeth talks to the witches, which he does twice during the play both. Macbeth’s shows assertiveness towards the witches, which shows how his character has changed from the first meeting with the witches. This is shown in the following quote, the first of which is from the first of the meetings and the second quote is from the second congregation: â€Å" With such prophetic greeting? Speak, I charge you. † This shows Macbeth commanding the witches as though they were peasants to obtain the information. â€Å"How now, you secret, black, and midnight hags! / What is’t you do? † This is the second meeting where Macbeth is supposedly greeting the witches. You can see from the quote that Macbeth feels that he can treat evil beings with such disrespect. The reasons Macbeth’s attitude changes toward the witches are: he believes what they say, he wants to be more powerful by knowing what happens before it actually does, he feels that now he is king no one can match so everyone must be lower in the hierarchy and also he is anxious and frightened because he wants to know he has misfortune that is to be told. Macbeth’s character has changed so much that he is now depicted by Shakespeare as a terribly villainous person. The fact that Macbeth consorting with the supernatural is solid evidence to show that Macbeth is a villain. Due to the evil acts committed by Macbeth, the audience would have once again would have wanted to execute Macbeth because he is dealing with the supernatural, which was profound upon by the Jacobeans particularly King James. King James had a personal supernatural experience where he was convinced that witches caused his boat with him and his wife to almost be shipwrecked. The response of the Jacobean audience is important to note because it shows that Shakespeare included topics of interest from the period that he composed the production. Shakespeare uses mainly language devices to show that Macbeth is in partnership with evil spirits. In Act 3 Scene 4 he uses a metaphor to show how much blood he has shed and how the witches can help: â€Å"I am in blood returning were as tedious as go’er† This literally says that Macbeth is so far in to a river of blood that he cannot return. The reference to a path where there is no return is reference to a number of times during the play as a symbol of guilt aimed at Macbeth by Shakespeare. This is referring to all the murders he has committed and how it is affecting him. However before this he says: â€Å"More they shall speak for mine own good† The word ‘they’ refers to the three witches and the quote says that Macbeth will be looking for a way to correct or make better what he has done. Macbeth has relied on the witches for his good fortune but he does not realise what it has done to his character and how it affects the views of others about him. The language techniques used by Shakespeare, back up the strong evidence that Macbeth is a villain. At this point Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a villain to the extent that there is no return for his heroic character due to the fact that his soul is now stained with the blood of many dead people. Shakespeare’s presentation of Macbeth being a man despised by others as well as himself is more evidence to show that Macbeth is a villain; this is strongly shown towards the end of the play where he prepares for battle and we can see what he thinks of himself as well as what his enemies think. Other characters such as Malcolm and Macduff despise Macbeth and refer to him as a tyrant and being generally evil. The views of Macbeth are shown first in Act 4 Scene 3: â€Å"This tyrant, whose sole name † This is a quote coming from Malcolm describing Macbeth as a tyrant, which shows how people’s opinion have changed of him. At the start of the play these two people were proud to fight with Macbeth, but now they are proud of themselves to be fighting against such an evil man. Another quote from this stage in the play to show the opinion of others is: â€Å"Devilish Macbeth † This shows that Malcolm and Macduff both agree that Macbeth has committed evil acts regarded with the devil and hell, which are therefore evil. They both loathe Macbeth to the point where they want him dead. At this point the original question of Macbeth being a villain is answered by two important characters hating him. The evidence is now very strong and throughout the play it has been accumulated to show that he is thought of as being as evil as the devil. At the end of the play before Macbeth dies, he has aversions to the murders that he has committed in the past. This shows that in his disheartened state he has the will power to reminisce over what he has done; therefore almost disclosing the heroic character we saw at the start of the play. Even though he does not show it Macbeth would be discouraged that he has nothing left in life which is why he says: â€Å"Now life on Earth means nothing† This shows he has become very dismissive of life and does not care what happens to himself. Shakespeare inputs another character change here where we see the ruthless, ‘devilish’ Macbeth reduced to a quivering coward who is regretful of what he has done. The way Macbeth has lost everything in life and he now has the will power to reminisce over the acts of evil he has committed shows a little bit of the hero, but then we see how Macbeth can still fight for his own cause, which is evil, instead of doing the heroic thing and just giving up. This is the extent of Macbeth’s villainy; even when he has lost everything and has nothing to live for Macbeth can still fight for the wrong cause. During the Jacobean times the audience would have seen Macbeth the same way Malcolm and Macduff do; as a ‘hell-hound’ sent by the devil. This is because of their belief in Christianity and the Divine Order; the audience would think of the crimes Macbeth has committed against God and immediately condemned him to death. However, now in modern times we can recognise the hero in Macbeth returning, which we saw at the start of the play. This is shown by how Macbeth is remorseful and how he keeps on fighting even though he has nothing left to live for. In conclusion I believe that Macbeth is a villain, who was slowly transformed from the hero he was at the start. I assume that if Macbeth did not allow his ambition to get the better of him he could still have an opportunity to become king. In the end the villainous acts he undertook managed to get the better of him and many Jacobeans would agree that the act of regicide and murder can only be repaid by the murderer dying. I think that Shakespeare portrayed Macbeth in a way such as this to show the audience the transition of a hero to a villain and so that it would appeal to the Jacobean audience. Ultimately, the purpose of the play was to educate the Jacobeans of the consequences of going against the Divine Order and evidently God, which is what Macbeth did; he committed many crimes against God which therefore makes him a villain.